专业英语常用词汇一、地质、测量、岩石、地层geology地质investigation勘查geological地质的location定位，勘测topographical地形（测量）的survey测量，测量图contourline等高线allocate定位benchmark水准点datums基准面elevation海拔，标高axis（pl.axes）坐标轴rock岩石stone石头ore矿石coal煤mass岩体、岩石mineral矿物ground岩层、地层bed岩层lay岩层laminate岩层formation岩层stratum（pl.strata）地层limestone石灰岩shale页岩conglomerate砾岩sandstone岩砂clay粘土soil土loess黄土silt淤泥、泥沙mud泥浆quicksand流沙sand砂gravel石子boulder砾石shingle圆卵石quartz石英gypsum石膏break破碎breakage破损shatter破碎crush挤压、压碎fissure裂缝fracture破碎crack裂缝damage损坏fragment块、使分裂Massive块状的fractured破碎的Weathered风化的poorrock不良岩石Hardrock硬岩firmrock坚硬岩石Strongband坚固夹层hardground坚硬地层Softground松软地层softstrata松软地层looseground松散地层coalmeasurestrata煤系地层Laminatedstrata层状地层laminatedrock层状岩石Stratifiedrock层状岩石beddedrock层状岩石Foliatedrock层状岩石Dirt夹矸band夹石、夹层Interlayer夹层interband夹层Joint节理parting层理Fault断层cleavage解理Discontinuity裂缝seam煤层、节理Bedding埋藏、层理lamination层理Stratification层理Lump-coal块煤groundwater地下水Groundwatertable地下水位weather风化Sedimentaryrock沉积岩metamorphicrock变质岩Igneousrock火成岩overlie覆盖层Water-bearing含水的gassy瓦斯的二、岩石力学与工程材料Load荷载loading加载Burden上覆重量、荷载overburden表土、覆盖层、超载Stress应力strain应变Pressure压力shear剪力Deformation变形tension拉力Tensile受拉的displacement位移Yield弯曲bent弯矩Flexural弯曲settlement沉降Slip滑动moment力矩Strength强度stiffness刚度Hardness硬度density密度Harden硬化、凝固core岩芯Sample试件specimen试件Behaviour形态、特性coefficient系数Intactrock未受扰动的岩石in-situ在现场、原地Inthefield在野外mohrcircle莫尔圆Confiningpressure侧限压力peakstrength峰值压力Bearingcapacity承载能力Classification分类grade分级Weak弱的soft软的Hard硬的weakness软弱Brittle易碎的、脆的sound坚硬的Steady稳定的stable稳定的Unstable不稳定的uniform均匀的Homogeneous均匀的cohesive塑性的、粘性的Noncohesive非粘性的isotropic各向同性的anisotropic各向异性的creep底臌Fall冒顶rockpressure地压Retainingwall挡土墙naturalarch自然拱Themeannormalstres