1土火之艺——馆藏历代陶瓷展览ExhibitionofPotteryandPorcelainthroughDynasties2009/11/17前言水、土、火的碰撞，产生了绚丽多彩的陶瓷文化。陶器是全人类共同拥有的财富。而瓷器是中华民族对世界文明的重要贡献，中国因此而拥有了“瓷之国度”的美称。早在新石器时代，我们的祖先就已经学会制造和使用陶器。商周时期出现了原始瓷。成熟的青釉瓷器烧成于一千八百多年前的东汉时期。经过三国两晋南北朝的初步发展，到了唐宋时期，我国的制瓷业进入第一个发展高峰。明清时期，我国陶瓷业发展到了巅峰阶段。至少在唐代，我国已开始大量出口陶瓷器。此后历经宋、元、明、清各朝，日益发展，长久不衰。从东海和南海通向东亚、东南亚、中西亚、非洲、欧洲以及美洲的各条航线，无不见证了这一辉煌。因此这条海外贸易通道也被称为“陶瓷之路”。广东最早的陶器出现在新石器时代早期。晋代开始出现青釉瓷器。唐、宋、元时期广东的制瓷业飞速发展，并大量输出国外。明、清时期，石湾陶器、广彩瓷器成为斐声中外的著名品种。一部中国陶瓷史，反映的不仅仅是整个中国文化史的面貌，而且也书写了经济贸易史、工艺美术史、航海史、对外贸易史等方面的华彩篇章。IntroductionCollisionofwater,clayandfiregaverisetocolorfulpotteryandporcelainculture.Potteryisatreasureofhumankind.However,porcelainisanimportantcontributionoftheChinesenationtotheworldcivilization.Chinawonitsnameas"CountryofPorcelain".AsearlyastheNeolithicAge,Chinesepeoplehadalreadygottoknowhowtomakeandusepottery.Proto-porcelainhadbeenmadeintheShangDynasty.MaturegreenglazedporcelainwasmadeintheEasternHanDynastyandhadwelldevelopedintheThreeKingdoms,theEasternandWesternJinDynasties,andtheSouthernandNorthernSongDynasties.IntheTangandSongDynasties,Chineseceramicindustryreacheditsfirstpeakofdevelopment.IntheMingandQingDynasties,Chineseceramicindustrydevelopedtoasummitstage.PorcelainhadbeguntoexportintheTangDynasty.IntheSong,Yuan,MingandQingDynasties,largequantitiesofpotteryandporcelainexportedfromtheEastSeaand2theSouthChinaSeatoEastAsia,CentralandWestAsia,Africa,EuropeandAmerica,whichwitnessedtheglory.Thereforetheoverseatradelinewasalsonamedas―RoadofPorcelain‖.PotterywasfirstmadeinGuangdongintheearlyNeolithicAge.IntheJinDynasty,greenglazedporcelainwasmade.IntheTang,SongandYuanDynasties,ceramicindustrydevelopedwellandexportedtoforeigncountries.IntheMingandQingDynasties,ShiwanpotteryandKwon-glazedporcelainhadenjoyedahighreputationathomeandabroad.AhistoryofChinesepotteryandporcelainreflectsnotonlyanoverviewofculturalhistoryofChina,butalsoshowsthehistoryintermsofeconomyandtrade