TheurbanplanningintheUnitedStatesCityPlanningofNewYorkCityNewYorkCityTheBigApple,TheCityNeverSleepsArea:930q.km.Population:>8millionCityDevelopmentUrbanization:1920sUntil1921,6millionresidentsUntil1929TrafficCongestion1921—1929:“Recentralization”1968:“CurbTheCityExpansion”1996:“BalanceDevelopment”2002:“SustainableWorldCity”2008-2030:“PLANYC—AGreenerGreatercity”TheStrategiesTenSpecificAreasTheurbanplanningdevelopmentThefrontierperiodofurbanizationCommercialurbanizationperiodIndustrialurbanizationperiodAutourbanizationperiodInthelateworldwarIIBroadwayWallStThefrontierperiodofurbanizationurbanplanningCommercialurbanizationperiodportimmigrationproductionandtradingport23miles2808miles9021milesimmigrationIndustrialurbanizationperiod纽约-布法罗-底特律-芝加哥费城-匹兹堡-辛辛那提-路伊斯威尔52922miles，太平洋铁路横贯大陆93263miles，所有的州都有铁路相连AutourbanizationperiodFordismThecarbegantoparticipateinthecompetitionoftransportationsystemFromtheenginetotheinternalcombustionengineOilfieldsinthecitiesSatellitecityInthelateworldwarIIHigh-techeconomyInternalEconomiesofScaleLocalizationEconomiesUrbanizationEconomiesHighway,theproliferationofregionalandmetropolitanareacombinedInterstateHighwaySystem8%7%6%5%4%3%2%1%0%-1%1965197019751980198519901995Adjustedproductivity24ThreeurbanbeltInNewYork,Philadelphia,Baltimore,asthecenterFromtheBostonSouthtoWashington中央公园巴尔的摩丹佛费城芝加哥