名词名词:表示人或者事物名称的词二、名词的数名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词又有单复数之分而不可数名词没有，它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。※以下名词通常用作不可数名词：funadviceweatherprogressinformationbreadbutterbaggage/luggageequipmentfurniturehomework可数名词复数形式的构成规则：1）直接加s2)以s,sh,ch,x结尾的加es但是：stomachs3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i+es4)大部分以f/fe结尾的改f/fe为v+es5)不规则变化man→men但是：German→GermansRoman→Romanswoman→womenchild→childrenmouse→miceox→oxengoose→geese/tooth→teeth/foot→feetbacterium→bacteria/medium→mediaphenomenon→phenomenaoasis→oases/basis→basesEnglishmanFrenchmanEnglishwomanFrenchwoman怎样变？趣味记忆法1.以o结尾的名词变成复数时通常在其后面+s.但是：下列单词在其后+esheroNegropotatotomato（英雄和黑人吃马铃薯和西红柿）2.以f/fe结尾的常改f/fe为vesthiefwifelifeselfleafwolfshelfbeefloafknifehalf(小偷之妻生活难，自己扫叶来做饭，忽见一狼躲架后，想吃牛肉面包块，取刀把它劈两半）3.以f/fe结尾的有的既可以改成ves也可以直接+sscarfhandkerchiefdwarfwharfturfoafhoof(带着围巾、手帕和矮子去码头修草皮者畸形儿蹄也）4.下列以f/fe结尾只能+sroofgulfcliff（悬崖）reef(暗礁）chief(首领，酋长）proofbeliefsafe不管是在屋顶上海湾里悬崖上还是碰到暗礁酋长都有他的证据和信念守住那保险箱合成词单数变复数的规则：1.man-doctor→men-doctorswoman-teacher→women-teachers2.go-betweenstouch-me-notsforget-me-notsgrown-upsfathers-in-lawbrides-to-bepassers-bylookers-onlook-outseditors-in-chieffilm-goerswrong-doersfault-finders单复数同形的词：Chinese/Japanesepeoplesheepdeerfishmeanscrossroads(十字路口）species（物种，种类）offspring(后代）series（系列）cattle(牛）spacecraft（太空船）单复数表示不同的含义fish---fishesfruit---fruitsfood---foodswork---workswater---waterscustom---customscontent---contentsgood---goodsiron---ironsgreen---greensdamage---damages（赔偿金）air---airs（架子）puton/throwoffpain---painsbrain---brains(头脑智能）arm---armslook---looks下列名词总是用复数形式shakehandswithsb.takemeasures/stepsasfollows（如下）giveregardstotaketurnstodosthbyturnshurtone’sfeelings(伤人感情）takenotes.takepains(下功夫）havewordswithinhigh/lowspiritsmakepreparationsforseesights(观光）gotothepicturesworkingconditions(工作条件）travelexpenses(路费）cometotermswithbeongood/badtermswithlazybonesbelongingssurroundingscongratulationsashessavings(储蓄）outskirts(市郊）earnings(薪水）两部分构成的东西只能用复数