外科护理概述一、现代外科学的发展DevelopmentofModernSurgery麻醉Anesthesia3.抗菌术Antisepsis输血BloodtransfusionTheodorKocher(1841-1917),professorofsurgeryattheUniversityofBerneandpioneerinthedevelopmentofsurgeryofthethyoid.HereceivedtheNobelPrizein1909.JohnH.Gibbon(1903-1973),pioneercardiothoracicsurgeonwhodevelopedextracorporealcirculation.傅培彬(1912-1989),瑞金医院外科创始人1954二尖瓣分离Commissurotomyofmitralstenosis1958大面积灼伤SevereBurn1963断肢再植Replantationofcutlimb1977肝移植The1stcaseofLivertransplantation1978心脏移植The1stcaseofHearttransplantation1990s-二医外科全面发展灼伤外科、消化外科、胆胰外科Burnsurg,DigestiveS.,P.Biliary口腔外科、整形外科、小儿心脏外科StomatologicalS.PlasticS.PediatricCardioS.5)内分泌功能失调Metabolic&Hormonaldisorder6)梗塞与缺血Infarction&Ischamia7)其它Others梗阻Obstruction寄生虫病Parasitediseases静脉曲张Veinvaricose2.外科专业发展DevelopmentofSurgicalSpecialties2)人体解剖系统骨科Arthrosteopedicsurgery颌面外科Dentofacialsurgery心胸外科Cardiothoracicsurgery泌尿外科Urologicsurgery神经外科Neurosurgery普通外科Generalsurgery(腹部外科)Abdominalsurgery3)性病性质肿瘤外科Neoplasticsurgery急症外科Emergencysurgery创伤外科Traumasurgery烧伤外科Burnsurgery4)手术方式整复外科Plasticsurgery显微外科Microsurgery移植外科Transplantation微创外科Minimallyinvasivesurgery5)年龄小儿外科PediatricSurgery成人外科AdultSurgery6)专业妇科Gynecology耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology眼科Ophthalmology3.外科总论与各论GeneralSurgery&SpecialSurgery●外科分子生物学Surgicalmolecularbiology●外科免疫学Surgicalimmunology●无菌术Aseptictechnique●外科水、电解质和酸碱平衡Fluidandelectrolytemanagementandacid-basebalance●输血Bloodtransfusion●外科休克Surgicalshock●外科营养Surgicalnutrition●多器官功能障碍综合征Multipleorgandysfunctionsyndrome,MODS●麻醉Anesthesia●外科重症监测治疗Surgicalintensivecare●心肺脑复苏Brain-cardiopulmonaryResuscitation●疼痛治疗Painmanagement&Analgesia●围手术期处理Paraoperativemanagement●门诊外科Outpatientsurgery●外科感染Surgicalinfection●肿瘤Neoplasma●创伤Trauma●烧伤与冷伤Burns&Coldinjury●显微外科Microsurgery●器官移植Organtransplantation●组织工程Tissueengineering●腔镜外科Laparoscopic&thorascopicsurgery●内镜外科