ComputerIntegratedManufacturingSystem2.4Overview2.4Overview2024/10/6ComputerizedelementsofaCIMsystemThetermcomputerintegratedmanufacturingwasdevelopedin1974byJosephHarringtonManufacturinghasevolvedthroughfourdistinctstages:ManualmanufacturingThetoolofintegrationinthemanualmanufacturingwasthehumanmindofthecraftsmanwhodesigned,producedanddeliveredtheproduct.Mechanization/specializationTheconceptofqualitycontrolwasintroduced.Thisstagepermittedmassproduction,interchangeabilityofparts,differentlevelsofaccuracy,anduniformity.Thelackofintegrationledtoagreatdealofwaste.AutomationAutomationimprovedtheperformanceandenhancedthecapabilitiesofbothpeopleandmachineswithinspecializedmanufacturingcomponents,buttheimprovementswereisolatedwithinindividualcomponentsorislands.IntegrationDifferentfromthemanualera,theinstrumentofintegrationinmodernmanufacturingiscomputer,theprocessesinthemodernmanufacturingsettingarestillspecializedandautomated.2.4.1HistoricalDevelopmentofCIMTheComputerandAutomatedSystemsAssociation(CASA)ofSocietyofManufacturingEngineer(SME)developedtheCIMwheel(FigCIMwheel)TheCIMwheelincludeseveraldistinctcomponents:Manufacturingmanagement/humanresourcemanagement.MarketingStrategicplanningFinanceProduct/processdesignandplanningManufacturingplanningandcontrolFactoryautomation2024/10/6FullyintegratedmanufacturingfirmsrealizeanumberofbenefitsfromCIM:ProductqualityincreasesLeadtimesarereducedDirectlaborcostsarereducedProductdevelopmenttimesarereducedInventoriesarereducedOverallproductivityincreasesDesignquality2.4.4CIM-RelatedStandardsManufacturingAutomationProtocol(MAP)MAPisacommunicationsstandarddevelopedtopromotecompatibilityamongdifferentautomatedmanufacturingsystems.MAPisbasedontheopensystemsinterconnection(OSI)seven-layermodel(FigMAPspecification)TheoverallgoalofMAPisthetotalintegrationofislandsofautomationinmanufacturing.ThefirstversionofMAPwaspublishedin1982bytheAdvancedProductManufacturingandEngineeringStaffMAPSpecificationsbyLayerMAPoffers