\本科毕业业论文(设计)题目：学院：班级：姓名：指导教师：职称：完成日期：年月日目录摘要····························································（1）关键字··························································（1）冯太后生平简介··················································（2）冯太后推行改革的历史动因··································（2）（一）经济形态原始野蛮··········································（2）（二）政治制度发展缓慢且滋生了吏治腐败··························（2）1.政治制度落后且发展缓慢·····································（2）2.吏治腐败，贪官横行·········································（2）（三）社会民族关系复杂，各种矛盾犬牙交错························（3）1.民族间的矛盾···············································（3）2.统治集团内部的矛盾·········································（3）（四）来自南朝的军事威压········································（3）二．“太和改制”的实行和效果·····································（3）（一）整顿吏治，班俸禄，惩治贪污································（4）（二）实行均田制，为民谋利，发展生产····························（4）（三）废宗主督护制，立三长······································（5）（四）革除旧习，学习汉文化，推动封建化··························（5）三．“太和改制”的当代价值·······································（5）注释····························································（7）参考文献························································（7）浅析冯太后改革摘要：冯太后是北魏时期一位杰出的女政治家，同时也是中国历史上一位举足轻重的人物。她生活在一个禁止后妃干政的封建王朝之中，两度临朝听政，剪除异己，大胆改革，革除弊政，与民休息，充分显示了她的政治才干。她主持的改革，不仅缓和了阶级矛盾，而且还对推进鲜卑族封建化以及与中原地区的融合有着深远的意义。她推行的制度对后世影响深远，很多王朝都效仿其廉政爱民、惩治腐败的举措。关键字：冯太后；改革；太和改制；当代价值冯太后生平简介公元442年，冯太后出生在长安（今西安）城里的一户汉族官宦人家。“其父冯朗是魏太武帝时期秦、雍二州的刺史，并居西城郡公之爵位，后因事被诛”，【2】年幼的冯太后入宫成为婢女。当时冯太后的姑母是太武帝的左昭仪，将其收养并加以教导和栽培。452年，文成帝即位，冯氏被选为贵人，地位提高。四年后，即太平二年，文成帝要册封皇后，但须手铸金人，冯氏早有准备，率先铸就，遂被立为皇后，当时她年仅14岁。465年，献文帝承父帝位，冯氏被尊为皇太后。后粉碎乙浑政变，开始了历史两年的听政时期，“冯太后第一次公开临朝听政，对北魏历史的发展做出了一定的贡献，初步显示了卓越的政治才能”。【3】476年，献文帝驾崩，年仅九周岁的孝文帝即位，冯太后理所当然被尊为太皇太后，重新开始了长达十五年的临朝听政，在此期间，她大胆的进行了一系列的改革，使北魏日益富强。490年，即太和十四年，冯太后终于走完了自己的一生，病逝于北魏国都平城（今山西大同），年仅49岁。一．冯太后推行改革的历史动因冯太后在北魏太和年间推行的改革不是偶然的，有其深刻的历史根源和社会背景。（一）经济形态原始野蛮北魏政权是鲜卑族建立起来的少数民族政权。鲜卑拓跋部起于大兴安岭北端东麓一带，过着游牧生活，后逐步南迁到蒙古草原的东北部。公元386年，拓跋珪建立魏国，