FEATURETHEME|主题专栏瑞典的生态建筑和城市规划ECOLOGICALARCHITECTUREANDURBANISMINSWEDEN派尔·米盖尔·塞勒斯德洛姆｜PehrMikaelSllstrm翻译：赵丹｜TranslatedbyZhaoDan校审：邱志勇｜ProofedbyQiuZhiyong摘要由于气候以及环境的变化，全世界对生态建筑和城市化越来越重视。瑞典20世纪60年代已经研究可持续生态发展模式及相关政策；70年代建立环境保护体系，逐渐发展可用的生态建设模式。目前，国际上已经普遍承认这个模式的关键在于，同时考虑社会需求、生态容量和经济落实手段，才能实现完美的生态建设。本文从技术性的角度介绍瑞典近年新的建筑设计理念以及标准和法制，以期为中国的环境保护规划与土地规划结合体系的操作提供参考。关键词生态手段法制环保技术被动房节能AbstractDuetotheclimateandtheenvironmentalchange,thewholeworldpaysmoreattentiontotheecologicalarchitectureandurbanization.Sincethe1960s,Swedenhasresearchedthesustainableecologicaldevelopmentmodelandtherelatedpolicies.Inthe1970s,itestablishedtheenvironmentalprotectionsystemandgraduallydevelopedtheavailableecologicalconstructionmodel.Sofar,thismodelhasalreadybeenrecognizedinternationallybecauseitconsidersthesocialneeds,theecologicalcapacityandtheeconomicimplementmentmeasuressoastoachievetheperfectecologicalconstruction.Fromthetechnicalperspective,thearticleintroducestherecentnewconceptionsoftheSwedenarchitecturedesign,aswellasthestandardsandthelaws,providingthereferencefortheoperationofenvironmentalprotectionplanningandlandplanningsysteminChina.KeywordsEcology,Measures,Laws,Environmentaltechnology,Passivehouse,Energysaving.EcologicalArchitecture一、生态建筑Ecologicalarchitectureandurbanismisnotonlyaboutthequalityofbuildingsandcities生态建筑和城市规划并不仅仅指建筑和城市的assuch.Evenmoreimportantisthestructuraltherelationshipbetweenthearchitectureof品质，更重要的是与建筑及城市结构对整个生态环citiesandthewholeecologicalenvironment.境的影响。Howevermisunderstandingsoftherelationshipbetweenthebuiltenvironmentandthe对于建筑和环境之间关系的误解常常产生重ecologicalsystemareparamount.Ecologistsgenerallytendtounder-estimatethecapac-要影响。生态学者通常容易低估建筑环境具有通过ityofthebuilt-environmenttoupholditsowneco-systemthroughingenioustechnolo-精妙的技术来支持自身生态系统的能力。建筑师和gies.Architectsandplanners,beingmoreaccustomedtovisualqualitativeanalysisthan规划师一方面更习惯于以主观的定性分析代替科学scientific,ontheotherhandtendtomisunderstandthenatureandconsequencesofenvi-分析，另一方面他们容易误解环境要求的性质和影ronment