现代语言学名词解释现代语言学名词解释一绪论1Linguistics语言学:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescienticstudyoflanguage2Phonetics语音学:Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticscommunicationiscalledphonetics.Forexample,vowelsandconsonants3Phonology语音体系:Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.Forexample,phone,phoneme,andallophone.4Morphology形态学:Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.Forexample,boyand“ish”---boyish,teach---teacher.5Syntax句法:Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax.Forexample,”Johnlikelinguistics.”6Semantics词义学:Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.Forexample:Thesealcouldnotbefound.Thezookeeperbecameworried.”Thesealcouldnotbefound,Thekingbecameworried.”Herethewordsealmeansdifferentthings.7Pragmatics语用学:Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.Forexample,“Ido”Theworddomeansdifferentcontext.8Sociolinguistics社会语言学:Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics.Forexample,regionaldialects,socialvariationinlanguage.9Psycholinguistics语言心理学:Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetoworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.二音系学1Phonetics语音通信学:Thestudyofsoundsthatareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.2Phonology语音体系:Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.3Phone发声:Phonecanbesimplydefinedasthespeechsoundsweusewhenspeakingalanguage.Aphoneisaphoneticunitorsegment.Itdoesnotnecessarilydistinguishmeaning;somedo,somedon’t.4Phoneme音素:Phonologyisconcernedwiththespeechsoundswhichdistinguishmeaning.Thebasicunitinphonologyiscalledphoneme;itisaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.《现代语言学名词解释》全文内容当前网页未完全显示，剩余内容请访问下一页查看。5allophone音位变体:Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentarecalledtheallophonesofthatphoneme.6Complementarydistribution互补分布:ThesetwoallophonesofthesamephonemearesaidtobeinComplementarydistribution.7Minimalpair极小队:Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesamepla