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I.BackgroundThisistheageofrevolutions:TheAmericanrevolution(1775-1783)whereTheDeclarationofIndependence,writtenbyThomasJefferson,statedthatAmericawasanindependentnation.TheFrenchrevolution(1789-1815)whichintroducedthedemocraticideals:Liberty,EqualityandFraternityforeverybody.Theindustrialrevolution(the18th-19thCent.)whichtransformedBritainfromagriculturaltoindustrialcountryinvolvingtheuseofnewsourcesofpower(coalandsteam)andalsoimportanttechnologicalinventionslikethesteamengine.Socialconflictsandchanges:Themainsocialchangeswereamongtheworkingclasses.Theprincipalsocialeventswere:-Anenormousincreaseinproductionandwealth-Periodsofoverproductionandperiodsofdepression-Workersunionswereformedbutcausedmanyalarmssolawmademeetingofworkersillegal.Workersbegantoattackfactoriesanddestroymachineries(thefamousrevoltoftheLudditiesandthePeterlooMassacre).-RobertOwenestablishedatextilefactorywhereheimprovedworkers’workingconditions.-Slaverywasdefinitelyabolishedin1833.II.TheDefinitionofRomanticismEnglishRomanticismisarevoltoftheEnglishimaginationagainsttheneoclassicalreason.TheFrenchRevolutionandtheEnglishIndustrialRevolutionexertgreatinfluenceonEnglishRomanticism.Theromanticistsexpressanegativeattitudetowardstheexistingsocialorpoliticalconditions.Theyplacetheindividualatthecenterofart,ascanbeseenfromLordByron’sByronicHero.ThekeywordsofEnglishRomanticismarenatureandimagination.Theyarguethatpoetryshouldbefreefromallrules.BeforeEnglishRomanticismthereappearedSentimentalismandPre-romanticism,whichmadesomepreparationsforthecominganddevelopmentEnglishRomanticism.beginning---1798:LyricalBallads《抒情(shūqíng)歌谣集》end---1832:thedeathofWalterScottGenerallyspeaking,theromanticistsexpressedtheideologyandsentimentofthoseclassesandsocialstratawhowerediscontentwith,andopposedto,thedevelopmentofcapitalism.Butowingtodifferenceinpoliticalattitudes,theysplitintotwoschools.Someromanticwritersreflectedthethinkingofclassesruinedbythebourgeoisie,andbywayofprotestagainstcapitalistdevelopmenttur
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