会计学1.1TheappreciationofHamlet(1601)AboutHamlet-Hamletisatragedy.[*tragedy--seriousactions--disastrousend--function:topurifypeople’semotion]-thepeakofShakespeariandramas-anarticleorbookonHamleteverytwelvedaysinEurope-adaptedfromaDenmarkhistoricalstory.-arevengeplayThethemesofHamlet:Itdistinguisheditselffromthetraditionalrevengeplaybyitsnewthemes:---theimpossibilityofcertainty;---thecomplexityofaction;---themysteryofdeath;---itsexplorationintoman’sinnerworld,intohumanpsychologythroughaseriesofsoliloquy.Hamlet’scharacter:-amelancholy,hesitant,reasonableandphilosophicalman-agreatmoralizer-aslowavengerofhisfather’sdeath1.2“Tobe,ornottobe”soliloquy---Hamlet’sdilemmaHamlet’sstrugglewithtwoopposingforces:moralintegrityandtheneedtoavengehisfather'smurder.EnglishversionseeP.83ofthetextbook(HAMLETcomesonstage.CLAUDIUS,GERTRUDE,POLONIUS,andOPHELIAhavejustscatteredtovarioushidingplacesnearby,likeroacheswhenthekitchenlightcomeson.Hamlet,havinglaidplotsofhisowntoentraptheKing,appearsnottohavenoticedthisandinsteadfocuseshisattentionontheaudience.)生存还是(háishi)毁灭死了；睡着了；什么(shénme)都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那正是我们求之不得的结局。//人们甘心久困于患难之中，也就是为了这个缘故；谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、压迫者的凌辱、傲慢(àomàn)者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律的迁延、官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视，要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生？//谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是(bùshi)因为惧怕不可知的死后，惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国，是它迷惑了我们的意志，使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去？//这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，决心的赤热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色，伟大的事业在这一种考虑(kǎolǜ)之下，也会逆流而退，失去了行动的意义。(朱生豪译)Notes1coil:turmoil,confusion(mortalcoil=troublesomelife)2oppressor'swrong:oppressor'sinjustice3contumely:taunts,contemptuoustreatment4despised:toregardwithcontemptorscorn5quietus:Afinalaccount,orsettlement6bodkin:Asharpinstrumenttomakeholeswith7fardels:Abackpack,abundle8bourn:boundary.—Isthereanymeaningofman’sexistenceafterdeath?AseeminglymeaninglessquestionfromChinesepointofview;Confuciusstressonthislife,noconsiderationfortheafter-life,optimisticapermanen