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31j_oS{?一索取号:二』堕鎏』盥』墅一密级:』生鲤-:_二一南京师勉太掌硕士学位论文匦论名词的非范畴化、~佧者;朱淑君院系:文学院指是教师:段业辉教授学科专业;语言学及应用语言学摘要名词的非范畴化,即名词非典型的性质义得以突显,使名词失去指称功能而获得描述功能的过程。名词非范畴化的语义基础是名词的性质义,包括内在性质义和附加性质义。内在性质义是抽象名词本身具有的,附加性质义则来源于对具体名词和专有名词所指的社会评价。二者不具活跃性,在名词的语义结构中处于附属的地位。认知的激活和语境的诱导是名词非范畴化的内在动力。在“事物——性质”认知框架中,显著的事物可以转喻不显著的性质,由此名词的性质义得以激活。语境能够强调某些语义特点,掩蔽或抑制其他语义特点。在语境的诱导下,发散的性质义具有了明确的指向性。人们的思维与心理特点及语言的历时发展是名词非范畴化的外在动因。人们重“意合”的思维机制与求新的语用心理使名词的非范畴化有了主体保障。语言的历时发展为名词非范畴化的进程奠定了基础。名词语法上的超常搭配是名词非范畴化的主要特征。具体表现为名词充当描写性定语的定中结构、“程度副词+名词”结构、“s比N还N”结构。抽象名词内在性质义的显著度比较高,因此比专有名词和具体名词更易进入非范畴化的句法框架,相应地,转类或兼类的可能性就比较大。专有名词由于指称性非常显著,极大地制约了性质义的突显,因此转类或兼类的可能性就比较小。具体名词也不容易形成转类或兼类,只是部分有此可能。名词的非范畴化还有类型学上的意义。关键词:名词非范畴化性质义突显AbstractNoundecategorizationisthatthesalientmeaningofqualitymakesnounlosethefunctionofreferenceandobtainthefunctionofassertion.Thesemanticbaseofnoundecategorizationisthequalitativemeaning,includingtheinneronesandtheconcomirantone.Abstractnounhastheinnermeaningofqua欤椋簦鳎瑁椋欤?theconcomirantmeaningofqualitycomesfromthesocialevaluationforthedesignationofconcretenounandpropernoun.Thetwokindsofmeaningareinert,andtheirstatusissubsidiaryinthesemanticstructureofnoun.Cognitireactivationandinducementofthe1ingnisticcontextaretheinternalpower.Inthecognitiveframeofthingandquality,thedeviceofmetonymybetweenthesalientthingandthecoveredfeaturecanactivatethequalitatiremeaning.Thelinguisticcontextcanemphasizesomesemanticcomponentsandrestraintheothers.Theinducementofthelinguisticcontextmakesthediffusemeaningofqualityhaveaspecificdirection.Thefeaturesofthinkingandpsychologyandthediachronicdevelopmentsoflinguisticsaretheexternaldriveofthenoundecategorization.Theemphasisofsemanticsandthedesireforthefreshmakesthenoundeeategorizationgettheguaranteeofthesubject.ThediachronicdevelopmentsoflinguisticsmakethebaseofthenoundecategOrization.Theparanormalcollocationinthesyntacticplaneisthetypicalfeatureofthenoundecategorization.Therearethreestructures:theconstructionofthenounusedmsadjectiveattributive,adverb+nounconstructionandSblNhaiNconstr