Chapter1IntroductiontoswitchingconvertersOverviewzIndustryTrendsforSwitchingConverterszApplicationsofSwitchingConverterszLinearVoltageRegulatorszSeries-passregulatorzShuntregulatorzSwitchingConverterszBasicswitchingconverterzPrinciplesofsteady-stateanalysiszInductorvolt-secondbalancezCapacitorchargebalancePowerswitchingconvertersIntroductiontoswitchingconverters2IndustryTrendsforSwitchingConverterszSupplyvoltagelevel;currentz1.8V@60Aor1V@100AzDynamicrequirement;slewrateof>100A/µszDitibtdDistributedpowersupplyarchitthitecturezPowerdensityz>100W/in3zNewSwitchingConverterTopologies/ControlTechniquesPowerswitchingconvertersIntroductiontoswitchingconverters3ApplicationsofSwitchingConverterszSwitchingpowersupplies–inalmostallpowersuppliesforlaptopanddesktopcomputerszSwitchingpowersuppliesforportabledevices–powermanagementfeatureszSwitchingaudioamplifies–class-DzSwitchingpowersuppliesformainframecomputers–1Vat400A.zPrognosticandHealthManagement(PHM)issuesPowerswitchingconvertersIntroductiontoswitchingconverters4LinearSeries-PassRegulatorzAnychangeintheinputvoltagewillessentiallybbbdbeabsorbedacrossthitheseries-passtittransistorR1Vout=V(1+)Vref(1+).R2Vout=Vin-VdiffVdiff=IloadRsVout=Vin–IloadRsCase1:ΔRs=Δvin/IloadforVout&VinfixedCase2:Pdiss=(Vin-Vout)Iload.ΔRs=-RsΔiload/IloadforachangggingIload.PowerswitchingconvertersIntroductiontoswitchingconverters5LinearSeries-passRegulatorzItcanonlyprovidealowerregulatedvoltagethanitsinputsourcevoltagezNoisolationbetweeninputandoutputzThemajordrawbackoftheseries-passregulatoristheexcessivepowerdissipationintheseries-passtransistorinhigh-currentapplicationsPowerswitchingconvertersIntroductiontoswitchingconverters6EfficiencyofASeries-PassRegulatorzEfficiencyversusinputvoltagefora5-Vseries-passregulatorwithadrop-outvoltageof2.5VPdiss=(V(Vin--VVout))IIload.PVIVη==outoutload=out.PVininIVloadinPowerswitchingconvertersIntroductiontoswit