重点语法知识讲解1.动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态一览表时态语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时主动被动doaredonedidweredonewilldowillbedone现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时主动被动aredoingarebeingdoneweredoingwerebeingdonewillbedoing现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时主动被动havedonehavebeendonehaddonehadbeendonewillhavedonewillhavebeendone现在完成进行时主动被动havebeendoing1.1现在完成时发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在，或对现在仍有影响。现在完成时的标志：sofar，bynow/uptonow，forthreeyears，since1995，inthepasttwodecades1.2过去完成时过去的过去。1)said，reported，thought等引导的间接引语中。Hemissedthetrain.Hesaidhehadmissedthetrain.2)hardly…when，nosooner…than句型中表示先发生的动作Nosoonerhadhegotupthanhereceivedthecall.3)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中IfIhadtriedharder，Iwouldhavewon.IwishIhaddonebetterintheexam.1.3完成进行时从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。汉语提示语：一直Thewaterhasbeenrunningthewholenight.1.4过去时过去某一具体时间发生的事，不考虑与现在的关系。过去时的标志：yesterday，in1995，lastweek，inthenineteenthcentury，fiveyearsago等等。2.非谓语动词2.1非谓语动词一览表非谓语动词形式意义现在分词一般式doing主动,正在进行被动式beingdone被动,正在进行完成主动式havingdone主动,已经完成完成被动式havingbeendone被动,已经完成过去分词done被动,已经完成动词不定式一般式todo主动,将要进行被动式tobedone被动,将要进行完成主动式tohavedone主动,已经完成进行主动式tobedoing主动,正在进行2.2.非谓语动词作状语动词不定式：1)目的状语;2)结果状语Icameheretomeetyou.(目的)Hehurriedtotherailstationonlytomissthetrain.(结果)分词：1)伴随状语;2)原因状语;3)条件状语4)让步状语;5)时间状语Walkingalongthestreet，hemethisoldfriend.(时间)Beingverytired，myfatherdidn’tgooutwithus.(原因)Madebyhand，thesilkshirtisveryexpensive.(原因)Seenfromthespace，theearthlookslikeablueball.(条件)2.3非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构1)Havingdonetheirhomework，thechildrenbegantoplay.(分词作状语)2)Afterhavingdonetheirhomework，thechildrenbegantoplay.(连词+分词)3)Aftertheyhaddonetheirhomework，thechildrenbegantoplay.(状语从句)4)Withhomeworkdone，thechildrenbegantoplay.(独立结构)2.4非谓语动词作定语1)Ifthereisnochoice，thereisnodecision___(make)。(tobemade)2)Doyouknowtheman____(stand)infrontofthehouse?(standing)3)Thequestion____(discuss)atthemomentisveryimportant.(beingdiscussed)4)Thebridge____(build)inthe1950sisstillingoodcondition.(built)2.5动名词和动词不定式作主语和表语动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况;动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。Risingearlyisgoodforhealth.Toriseearlytomorrowisdifficultforme.Itisdifficultformetori