动词的被动语态英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫做主动语态；主语是动作的承受者，叫做被动语态。例如：Wesweptthefloor.我们打扫了地板。（主动语态）Thefloorwasswept.地板被打扫过。（被动语态）1.1、被动语态的构成1）被动语态是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。be有人称，数和时态的变化，其变化规则与其作为连系动词的be的变化完全一样。a被动语态的肯定句Appletreesareplantedinthesouth.苹果树不种在南方。b被动语态的否定句Thebuildinghasn'tbeencompleted.这座建筑物没有竣工。c被动语态的一般疑问句被动语态的一般疑问句的结构是：Be+主语+过去分词（vt）+（by+宾语）AretheymadeinChina?Yes,theyare.它们是中国制造的吗？是的，是中国制造的。Wasthemuseumbuiltin1993?No,itwasbuiltin1986.这座博物馆是在1993年建成的吗？不，它是在1986年建成的。d被动语态的特殊疑问句被动语态的特殊疑问句的结构是：疑问词+be+主语+过去分词（vt）。Whatisthemachineusedfor?Itisusedformakingpaper.这台机器用来作什么？它是用来造纸的。Wherewerethecarmade?TheyweremadeinChina.这些小汽车是哪里制造的？它们是中国制造的。2）被动语态的几种时态形式（以动词ask为例）：1．一般现在时结构：主语＋am/is/are+过去分词主动句：Shecleansherroomeveryday.被动句：Herroomiscleaned(byher)everyday.(肯定句）否定句：Herroomisn’tcleaned(byher)everyday.一般疑问句：Isherroomcleaned(byher)everyday?注意：被动句的be助动词的变化应按被动句中新主语的人称和数而变化，其时态应与主动句的时态一致．2.一般过去时结构：主语＋was/were+过去分词主动句：TheworkersmadetheVCDlastweek.被动句：TheVCDwasmadebytheworkerslastweek.(肯定句)否定句:TheVCDwasn’tmadebytheworkerslastweek.一般疑问句：WastheVCDmadebytheworkerslastweek?3.一般将来时结构：主语＋willbe+过去分词主动句：MyfatherwillsendmetoAmericasoon.肯定句：IwillbesenttoAmericabymyfathersoon.否定句：Iwon’tbesenttoAmericabymyfathersoon.一般疑问句：WillyoubesenttoAmericabyyourfathersoon?4.过去将来时结构：主语＋wouldbe+过去分词主动句：Hesaidhewouldpunishthenaughtyboytonight.肯定句：Hesaidthenaughtyboywouldbepunishedbyhimtonight.否定句：Hesaidthenaughtyboywouldn’tbepunishedbyhimtonight.5.现在进行时结构：主语＋am/is/are+being+过去分词主动句：Heistellingastorynow.肯定句：Astoryisbeingtoldbyhimnow.否定句：Astoryisn’tbeingtoldbyhimnow.一般疑问句：Isastorybeingtoldbyhimnow?6.过去进行时结构：主语＋was/were+being+过去分词主动句：HewastellingastorywhenIcamein.肯定句：AstorywasbeingtoldbyhimwhenIcamein.否定句：Astorywasn’tbeingtoldbyhimwhenIcamein.一般疑问句：WasastorybeingtoldbyhimwhenIcamein?7.现在完成时结构：主语＋have/has+been+过去分词主动句:Theboyhasfinishedthework.肯定句:Theworkhasbeenfinishedbytheboy.否定句:Theworkhasn’tbeenfinishedbytheboy.一般疑问句:Hasthework