会计学Idiom习语9.1Characteristicsofidioms习语的特点Thoughthevariouswordswhichmakeuptheidiomhavetheirrespectiveliteralmeanings，intheidiomtheyhavelosttheirindividualidentity.尽管组成习语的不同词有各自的字面意义，但在习语中他们已失去个体的身份。Theirmeaningsarenotoftenrecognizableinthemeaningofthewholeidiom.Thepartofspeechofeachelementinnolongerimportant.Quiteoftentheidiomfunctionsasoneword.他们的意义在整个习语的意义中经常是无法识别的。同样，每一成分的词性不再重要。这条习语通常用作一个词。ThesemanticunityofIdiomsisalsoreflectedintheisillogicalrelationshipbetweentheliteralmeaningofeachwordandthemeaningoftheidiom.习语的语义整体性也可体现在每个词的字面意义和习语的意义之间不合逻辑的关系中。Manyidiomsaresemanticallyinexplicable.许多习语在语义上是无法解释的。9.1.2StructuralStability结构的稳定性Thirdly,theconstituentsofidiomscannotbedeletedoraddedto，notevenanarticle.习语的组成成分不能删除或增加，甚至一个冠词。Finally,manyidiomsaregrammaticallyunanalysable.很多习语在语法上是不可分析的。Theidomaticityofidiomsisgradableandmaybestbethoughtintermsofscale，withthe“true”idiomsestablishedattheupperendandregularcombinationsatthebottom.习语的习语性是分等级的，而且可能最好从等级上来研究。“真正的习语位于顶端，规则的组合处于末端。Trueidioms–themeaningoftheidiomcannotbededucedfromthoseoftheindividualconstituents.真正的习语—语义是不能从单独组成成分的意义中推导出来的习语。Regularcombination–thespeakeroftheregularcollocations，themeaningoftheidiomcanbeunderstoodfromtheliteralmeaningoftheconstitute.规则组合—其意义能从组成成分的字面意义中得以解释。Semi-idioms–themeaningsareinawayrelatedtothemeaningsoftheconstitutebutarenotthemselvesexplicit.半习语—其意义在某种程度上与组成成分的意义相关联，但本身却不是很明确。Thefixityofidiomsdependsontheidiomaticity。Themoreidiomatictheidioms，themorefixedthestructure.习语的稳定性在于其习语性程度。习语的习语性越强，其结构也便越稳固。9.2Classificationofidioms习语的分类ThestandardofClassificationofidiomsisThecriterionof’grammaticalfunction’.习语的分类标准是语法功能的标准。9.2.1Idiomsnominalinnature名词性习语Idiomsnominalinnaturehaveanounasthekeywordandfunctionasanoun.名词性习语都有一个名词充当关键词，而且在句中用作关键词。9.2.2Idiomsadjectiveinnature形容词性习语functionasadjectivesbuttheconstituentsarenotnecessaryadjectives.功能是形容词，但其组成成分却未必是形容词9.2.3Idiomsverbalinnature动词性习语Thisisthelargestgroup.这是习语中数量最多的一类。1）Phrasalverbs–idiomswhicharecomposedofaverbp