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SummaryThyroidhormonesNecessarytomaintainnormalmetabolism,growthanddevelopment.HypothyroidismCauseCretinismifithappensinembryoorneonatalperiod.Causemyxedemaifithappensinadultswhenthethyroidhormonecouldbeusedinreplacementtherapy.HyperthyroidismAsyndromcharacterizedbythyroidoversecretionandmetabolicdisordercausedbymultiplereasons.Itcanbetreatedwithradioactiveiodine(131I)irradation,antithyroiddrugsandoperation.Thyroidhormones抗甲状腺药硫脲类ThyroidhormonesareiodicaminoacidsActivecomponentsThyroxine,T4Triiodothyreninumnatricum,T3Chemicalconstitution甲状腺激素的化学结构PhysiologicaldispositionofthyroidhormonesSynthesis,storageandregulationofthyroidhormonesStepsofthyroidhormonessynthesis,releaseandregulation(Ⅰ)Condensationandstorage:Inthethyroidglobulinmolecule,twoDTTsarecondensedtoT4,oneDTTandoneMITarecondensedtoT3，whichareallstoredinglandalveoluscolloid.Disintegrationandrelease:T3andT4arereleasedintobloodafterhydrolyzedbyproteases.Atthesametime,someofthemcanbeturnedbacktotyrosineandI－bydeiodinaseincellsandreused.Regulation:Bythepositiveandnegativefeedbackregulationofhypothalamus-anteriorlobe-thyroidaxis.HypothalamussecretsTRH,anteriorlobesecretsTSHandthyroidsynthesizeT3,T4.Synthesis,storageandreleaseofthyroidhormoneThyroidhormonesMechanismofaction（figure)ItisbelievednowthatthethermogenicactionofT3andT4isduetotheincreaseofsodiumpumpsactivityonthecellmembrane.Na+,K+—ATPaseactivityATPutilizationADPconcentrationmitochondriarespirationoxideconsumptionandheatproductionPhysiologicalandpharmacologicalactionsThyroidclinicalapplicationAntithyroidDrugs硫脲类ThioureaPharmacologicalactionsInhibitperoxydaseinadenocytes,whichresultsintheinhibitedoxydationofI－toI0.Then,theiodationandcoupleoftyrosinescanbestopped.SothebiosynthesisofT3andT4isinhibited.Buttheeffectoccursslowlyastheiodineuptakeandthehormonealreadysynthesizedarenoteffected.LongtimemedicationcanleadtodecreaseofT3andT4,whichfeedbackincreasesthesecretionofTSHandmakesthyroidhyperplasyandhyperemiccompensatorily.Propylthiouraci
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