专题限时训练(十)[科普知识型阅读理解(二)](限时：25分钟)(一)Twonewstudiesshowthatchildrenwholiveclosetoparksandmarketsthatsellfreshfoodarehalfaslikelytobeobeseaschildrenwholivefarfromtheseplaces.Obesepeopleareextremelyoverweight,andthoseextrapoundsaretiedtoanincreaseinaperson'sriskformanydifferentdiseasesandseriousmedicalconditions,includingdiabetes,heartdiseaseandcancer.Theresearchreveals“theinfluenceofenvironmentalfactorsonpeople'shealth,inparticularobesity，”LauraKettelKhan,anutritionistattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventioninAtlanta,toldScienceNews.LawrenceFrank,anurbanplannerandpublichealthresearcherattheUniversityofBritishColumbiainVancouver,ledoneofthestudies.Urbanplannersstudythedesignofcitiesandworktobuildbetterplacestolivein.HeandhiscolleagueslookedathundredsofneighborhoodsinCalifornia'sSanDiegoCountyandinWashington'sKingCounty,whichincludesSeattle.Theyjudgedalltheneighborhoodsaccordingtotheirnutritionandphysicalactivity.Theneighborhoodsthatscoredhighestonnutritionhadasupermarketnearbythatsoldfreshproduceandfewfastfoodrestaurantsinthearea.Neighborhoodsthatscoredhighestonphysicalactivityhadparksandwere“walkable”，whichmeansresidentscanwalktomanyplacesthey'dwanttogoto.Theresearchersthenlookedathealthinformationfrom681children,aged6to11,wholivedinthoseareas.About1in12childrenwholivedinneighborhoodsnearparksorsupermarketswereobese.Inneighborhoodslackingparksandmarkets,theobesityrateamongchildrendoubled,toabout1in6.Thework“willinformthewaywethinkaboutcitiesandhowtodesignneighborhoods，”JenniferBlacktoldScienceNews.Black,whodidn'tworkonthenewstudies,isanutritionistattheUniversityofBritishColumbia.“Wehaveaprettystrongsensethatifit'seasierforpeopletosafelyandcomfortablywalktothekindsofthingstheywant,they'llbemorelikelytobephysicallyactiveandspendlesstimedriving，”sheadds.Theresearchersalsofoundthatnewerneighborhoodsscoredlowerthanolderneighborhoods,whichsuggeststhatsomenewhousingdevelopmentsmayworkagainstthehealthofthepeoplewholivethere.Manycommunitiesnolongerprovideparksa