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Chapter1CommunicationandCultureCharacteristicsofCommunication1.Communicationissymbolic2.Communicationcanbeintentionalandunintentionalbehavior3.Communicationhasaconsequence4.Communicationisdynamic5.CommunicationiscontextualandgovernedbyrulesCharacteristicsofculture1.Cultureisnotinnate;itislearned2.Variousfacetsofcultureareinterrelated.3.Cultureisinvisible.4.Cultureisdynamic5.CultureisethnocentricDefinitionofcultureCultureisthetotalaccumulationofbeliefs,customs,values,behaviors,institutionsandcommunicationpatternsthatareshared,learnedandpasseddownthroughthegenerationsinanidentifiablegroupofpeople.Chapter2CulturalModelsandStereotypesGeertHofstede’sCulturaldimensionsIndividualismvs.collectivismpowerdistanceUncertaintyvs.avoidanceCareersuccess/qualityoflifeConfuciandynamism1.Individualismvs.collectivismIndividualismFirst,theindividualisthesinglemostimportantunitinanysocialsetting.Second,independenceratherthaninterdependenceisstressed.Third,individualachievementisrewarded.Lastly,uniquenessCollectivismRelationshipsTheserelationshipsformarigidsocialframeworkthatdistinguishesbetweenin-groupsandout-groups.Peoplerelyontheirin-groups(e.g.,relatives,clans,tribes,andorganizations)tolookafterthem,andinexchangetheybelievetheyoweloyaltytothegroup.[Interdependence]Collectivisminfluencesanumberofcommunicationvariables---suchasindirectcommunication,savingface,concernforothers,andgroupcooperationAttitudesandbehaviorsIndividualismCollectivismSelfEachpersonisseparatedfromeachother;childrenlearntothinkintermsof“I”Eachpersonispartofagroup;childrenlearntothinkintermsof“we”IdentityIdentityisbasedontheindividualIdentityisbasedonthesocialnetworkCommunicationLow-contextHigh-contextSocialvalueSpeakyourmindandtellthetruthMaintainharmonyandavoidconfrontationsDecision-makingPersonalfreedomismoreimportantEqualityismoreimportantthanpersonalfreedomGroupmembershipFellowuniversalrules;Thedecision-makingprocessisimportantFulfillobligationstoin-groupmembers;relation
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