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ThemicrobesinfectedviarespiratorytractMainpathogenicmicrobes(Bacteria)Mainpathogenicmicrobes(virus)Othermainpathogenicmicrobes1、Mycobacteriumtuberculosisacid-fastrodscapsulateobligateaerobedoublingtimeabout18~24hLowenstein-JensenmediumvariationMycobacteriumtuberculosis2)PathogenicityInfectiousreservoirspatients,carrierstransmittedways:respiratorytract、alimentarytract、skinpulmonarytuberculosisprimaryinfectionsecondaryinfectionextra-lunginfectionM.Tuberculosisinlung4)Immunity5)TuberculinTestpreventionvaccination:BCGtreatmentrifampin(利福平)isoniazid(异烟肼)ethambutol(乙胺丁醇)streptomycin(链霉素)2、treptococcuspneumoniaeGram-positivelancet-shapedInpairscapsulateautolysisCapsulelobarpneumonia(大叶性肺炎)particularlyyoungandoldafterdamagetoupperrespiratorytracte.g.followingviralinfectionMeningitis(children)(脑膜炎）otitismedia(中耳炎）3、CorynebacteriumdiphtheriaerodshapeGrampositivemetachromaticgranuleaerobegrowthinLoeffler'smediumtelluriteagarCorynebacteriumdiphtheriaemetachromaticgranuleDiptheriatoxinDiphtheriaThischildhasdiphtheriaresultinginathickgraycoatingoverbackofthroat.Thiscoatingcaneventuallyexpanddownthroughairwayand,ifnottreated,thechildcoulddiefromsuffocationCDC4、InfluenzavirustypeAantigenichighlyvariableworldwideepidemics(eg.1918)typeBantigenicchangesomestimesepidemicstypeCantigenicstablemildillnessStructurehemagglutinin(HA)absorption,penetrationhemagglutinationantibodytotheHAprotein(HIAb)neutralizetheviruspreventinfectionneuraminidase(NA)release,spreadantibodytotheNAproteinslowthespreadofthevirus&noprotectionantigenicdriftminorchangesinHAorNAvarianceratio<1%pointmutationLimitedspreadantigenicshiftmajorchangesinHAvarianceratio:20%~50%newsubtypeWorldwidespread2)Pathogenesispreventionvaccine:multivalenttwostrainsofinfluenzaAandoneofinfluenzaBtreatmentamantadineChinesetraditionalmedicineIFN-alfa5、Mycoplasmalpneumoniaeprimaryatypicalpneumoniaviaaerosolizeddropletsinconfinedpopulationsfamilies,schools,armybarracks
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