理想的荧光标记物应当具有发光效率高、物理化学性质稳定、分子量小和易于化学修饰标记等特性。二、染料掺杂二氧化硅纳米粒子[1]A.vanBlaaderen*,A.Vrij.Langmuir,1992,8:2921-2931.图解1FITC与APTMS反应机理(A)，TEOS与APTMS水解及聚合反应机理(B)文献报道共价交联SiO2和有机物的方式：[4]ErikHerz,ThomasMarchincin,UlrichWiesner*,etal.JFluoresc,2010,20:67–72.[5]KishoreNatte,ThomasBehnke,GuillermoOrts-Gil,etal.JNanopartRes,2012,14:680-689.[6]BoikoCohen,CristinaMartin,SrikantK.Iyer,UlrichWiesner,AbderrazzakDouhal*.Chem.Mater.,2012,24:361−372.[7]HooiswengOw,DanielR.Larson,MamtaSrivastava,BarbaraA.Baird,WattW.Webb,UlrichWiesner*.NanoLett.,2005,5(1):113–117.Fig.Absorptionandemissionspectrafor(a)freeTRITCdyeinwater(black)andethanol(grey)and(b)core–shellTRITC-basedsilicananoparticlesinwater(black)andethanol(grey)showingthedecreasedsolvatochromicshiftsinducedbytheprotectivecore–shellarchitecture,(c)Photobleachingmeasurementsoffluorescein(lightgrey),TRITCfreedye(darkgrey)andTRITC-basedCdots(black)showingtheenhancedstabilityofthecore–shellparticlearchitecture,and(d)acomparisonofthebrightnessoffreeTRITCdyewithsame-sizedCdotsandquantumdotsinwateratthesameopticaldensity[2].粒子组装行为的调控[8]4.双色染料掺杂的比率型荧光探针[9][9]AndrewBurns,PrabuddhaSengupta,TaraZedayko,BarbaraBaird,UlrichWiesner*.small,2006,2(6):723–726.[10]ChristopherLoo,AlexLin,LeonHirsch,etal.TechnologyinCancerResearch&Treatment,2004,3(1):33-40.Fig.4Transmissionelectronmicroscopeimagesofgold/silicananoshellsduringshellgrowth.pH响应的介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒的制备及可控释放[11]Fig．2TEMimageofAp-MSN(A)andXRDpatterns(B)ofAp-MSN(a)andPAA-Ap-MSN(b)Fig．5Kineticreleaseof［Ru(bipy)3］Cl2dyefromPAA-Ap-MSNunderdifferentpH(pH:●1;○3;▼5;△7;■9.)三、工作设想