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----中文3826字附录1：外文资料翻译A1.1SubstationandPowerSystemProtectionWiththedevelopmentofundertakingoftheelectricwirenetting,thepatternofnationalnetworkhasalreadytakenshapebasically.Scientificandtechnologicallevelraise,electricenvironmentalprotectioncanstrengthen,makescientificandtechnologicalcompetenceandadvancedinternationalstandards,Chineseofpowerindustryclosedaybyday.Electricmanagementlevelandservicelevelarebeingimprovedconstantly,strategicplanningmanagementofelectricpowerdevelopment,productionoperatemanage,electricmarketadministrationandelectricinformationmanagementlevel,high-qualityservicelevel,etc.generaltoraiseenterprise.Thepurposeofasubstationistotransformthecharacteristicsoftheelectricalenergysuppliedtosomeformsuitableforuse,asforexample,aconversionfromalternationcurrenttodirectcurrentfortheuseofcityrailwayservice,orachangefromonevoltagetoanother,oronefrequencytoanother.Theirfunctionsinclude:Tap.─TObeeconomical,transmissionoflargeramountsofpoweroverlongdistancesmustbedoneatvoltagesabove110,000volts.Substationsforsupplyingsmallamountsofpowerfromsuchhigh-voltagelinesarenotsatisfactoryfromthestandpointofoperationandarealsouneconomical.Itis,therefore,commonpracticetoinstallafewsubstationsatadvantageouspointsalongthehigh-tensionlinesandstepdownthehigh-transmissionvoltagetoalowersecondary-transmissionvoltagefromwhichnumeroussmallloadsmaybesupplied.Distribution.─Anysubstationthatisusedtotransformelectricalenergytoapotentialthatislowenoughforgeneraldistributionandutilizationisadistributingsubstation.Suchasubstationwillgenerallyreceiveitsenergyoverafewcomparativelyhigh-tensionlinesanddistributeitoveralargenumberoflow-voltagelines.Industrial.─Whenfairlylargeblocksofpowerarerequiredbyindustrialplants,itoftenbecomesnecessaryandadvisabletoinstallanindividualsubstationtosupplysuchaloaddirectlyfromthemainhigh-voltagelineorsecondarylineoflowervoltage.Itssimplestformwouldcompriseonlyswitchingequipment,therebeingnovoltagetransformation.Inmostcasesavoltagetransformationis
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