托福考试阅读模拟试题训练(八)SportsCommentaryOneofthemostinterestinganddistinctiveofallusesoflanguageiscommentary.Anoralreportingofongoingactivity,commentaryisusedinsuchpublicarenasaspoliticalceremonies,parades,funerals,fashionshowsandcookingdemonstrations.Themostfrequentlyoccurringtypeofcommentarymaybethatconnectedwithsportsandgames.Insportstherearetwokindsofcommentary,andbothareoftenusedforthesamesportingevent.“play-by-play”commentarynarratesthesportsevent,while“color–adding”or“color”commentaryprovidestheaudiencewithpre-eventbackground,during-eventinterpretation,andpost-eventevaluation.Colorcommentaryisusuallyconversationalinstyleandcanbeadialoguewithtwoormorecommentators.Play-by-playcommentaryisofinteresttolinguistsbecauseitisunlikeotherkindsofnarrative,whicharetypicallyreportedinpasttense.Play-by-playcommentaryisreportedinpresenttense.Someexamplesare“hetakestheleadbyfour”and“she’sinposition.”Onelinguistcharacterizesradioplay-by-playcommentaryas“amonologuedirectedatanunknown,unseenmassaudiencewhovoluntarilychoosetolisten…andprovidenofeedbacktothespeaker.”Itisthesecharacteristicsthatmakethiskindofcommentaryunlikeanyothertypeofspeechsituation.Thechieffeatureofplay-by-playcommentaryisahighlyformulaicstyleofpresentation.Thereisdistinctivegrammarnotonlyintheuseofthepresenttensebutalsointheomissionofcertainelementsofsentencestructure.Forexample“Smithinclose”eliminatestheverb,assomenewspaperheadlinesdo.Anotherexampleisinvertedwordorder,asin“overatthirdisJohnson.”Play-by-playcommentaryisveryfluent,keepingupwiththepaceoftheaction.Therateissteadyandthereislittlesilence.Thestructureofthecommentaryiscyclical,reflectingthewaymostgamesconsistofrecurringsequencesofshortactivities---asintennisandbaseball---oralimitednumberofactivityoptions---asinthevariouskindsoffootball.Inracing,thestructureisevensimpler,withthecommentatorinformingthelistenerofthevaryingorderofthecompetitorsina“stateofplay”summary,whichiscrucialforlistenersorviewerswhohavejusttunedin.1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistru