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感谢专攻TPO阅读小组的辛勤工作专攻TPO阅读小组的成员都是和大家一样是正在备考的考生,感谢他们将图片版的阅读打成word版!祝大家取得好成绩!AncientEgyptianSculptureKathryn:段1-2piggie~~~:3-4两段YC:题1-8米小熊：9-14题OrientationandNavigation辰:段1-3无老师:段4-7Kathryn:题1-8piggie~~~:题9-14BeggingbyNestlings幻蓝零度：段1-3无老师：段4-6Kathryn:题15-22辰:题23-28最后由我是Chineselady(翠花)编辑AncientEgyptianSculptureInordertounderstandancientEgyptianart,itisvitaltoknowasmuchaspossibleoftheeliteEgyptianviewoftheworldandthefunctionandcontextsoftheartproducedforthem.Withoutthisknowledge,wecanappreciateonlytheformalcontentofEgyptianart,andwewillfailtounderstandwhyitwasproducedortheconceptsthatshapeditandcausedittoadoptitsdistinctiveforms.Infact,alackofunderstandingconcerningthepurposesofEgyptianarthasoftenletittobecomparedunfavorablywiththeartofothercultures:whydidtheEgyptiansnotdevelopsculptureinwhichthebodyturnedandtwistedthroughspacelikeclassicalGreekstatuary?Whydotheartistsseemtogetleftandrightconfused?AndwhydidtheynotdiscoverthegeometricperspectiveasEuropeanartistsdidintheRenaissance?TheanswertosuchquestionhasnothingtodowithalackofskillorimaginationonthepartofEgyptianartistsandeverythingtodowiththepurposesforwhichtheywereproducingtheirart.Themajorityofthree—dimensionalrepresentations,whetherstanding,seated,orkneeling,exhibitwhatiscalledfrontality:theyfacestraightahead,neithertwistingnorturning.Whensuchstatuesareviewedinisolation,outoftheiroriginalcontextandwithoutknowledgeoftheirfunction,itiseasytocriticizethemfortheirrigidattitudesthatremainedunchangedforthreethousandyears.Frontalityis,however,directlyrelatedtothefunctionofEgyptianstatuaryandthecontextsinwhichthestatuesweresetup.Statueswerecreatednotfortheirdecorativeeffectbuttoplayaprimaryroleinthecultsofthegods,theking,andthedead.Theyweredesignedtobeputinplaceswherethesebeingcouldmanifestthemselvesinordertobetherecipientsofritualactions.Thusitmadesensetoshowthestatuelookingaheadatwhatwashappeninginfrontofit,sothatthelivingperformeroftheritualwiththedivineordeceasedrecipient.Veryoftensuchstatueswe
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