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毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译系别：电气系专业：电气工程及其自动化附件：1、外文原文；2、外文资料翻译译文。指导教师评语：签字：年月日注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。外文原文（复印件）A:FundamentalsofSingle-chipMicrocomputerThesingle-chipmicrocomputeristheculminationofboththedevelopmentofthedigitalcomputerandtheintegratedcircuitarguablythetowmostsignificantinventionsofthe20thcentury[1].Thesetowtypesofarchitecturearefoundinsingle-chipmicrocomputer.Someemploythesplitprogram/datamemoryoftheHarvardarchitecture,showninFig.3-5A-1,othersfollowthephilosophy,widelyadaptedforgeneral-purposecomputersandmicroprocessors,ofmakingnologicaldistinctionbetweenprogramanddatamemoryasinthePrincetonarchitecture,showninFig.3-5A-2.Ingeneraltermsasingle-chipmicrocomputerischaracterizedbytheincorporationofalltheunitsofacomputerintoasingledevice,asshowninFig3-5A-3.ProgrammemoryInput&OutputunitCPUDatamemoryFig.3-5A-1AHarvardtypeInput&OutputunitCPUmemoryFig.3-5A-2.AconventionalPrincetoncomputerTimer/CounterSystemclockExternalTimingcomponentsSerialI/OROMResetPrarallelI/ORAMInterruptsCPUPowerFig3-5A-3.PrincipalfeaturesofamicrocomputerReadonlymemory(ROM).ROMisusuallyforthepermanent,non-volatilestorageofanapplicationsprogram.Manymicrocomputersandmicrocontrollersareintendedforhigh-volumeapplicationsandhencetheeconomicalmanufactureofthedevicesrequiresthatthecontentsoftheprogrammemorybecommittedpermanentlyduringthemanufactureofchips.Clearly,thisimpliesarigorousapproachtoROMcodedevelopmentsincechangescannotbemadeaftermanufacture.Thisdevelopmentprocessmayinvolveemulationusingasophisticateddevelopmentsystemwithahardwareemulationcapabilityaswellastheuseofpowerfulsoftwaretools.SomemanufacturersprovideadditionalROMoptionsbyincludingintheirrangedeviceswith(orintendedforusewith)userprogrammablememory.Thesimplestoftheseisusuallydevicewhichcanoperateinamicroprocessormodebyusingsomeoftheinput/outputlinesasanaddressanddatabusforaccessingexternalmemory.Thistypeofdevicecanbehavefunctionallyasthesingle
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