TheUnitedStatesofAmerica1787年，《lettersfromanAmericanfarmer》中提出美国民族性的问题。In1782,theFrenchmanJ.HectorSt.JohndeCrevecoeur(赫克托·圣约翰·德克雷夫科尔),whosettledinPennsylvaniafirstaskedthequestionandanswereditinhisbookLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(«美国农人书简»).HebelievedthattheAmericanwasanewmanwiththemixedbloodofEuropeansortheirdescendants.ThisnewmanleftbehindhimalltheancientEuropeantraditionsandreceivednewonesintheNewWorld.InNorthAmerica,allindividualsweremeltedintoanewraceoftheAmerican.Thisnewmanacteduponnewprinciples,entertainednewideasandformednewopinions(新型的人按照新的原则办事，吸取新的思想，形成新的见解).美国两次人口大迁徙（TwoimmigrationmovementstotheAmericas）1).FromAsia(AmericanIndians,whoweremistakenlycalledbyColumbus,movedtotheAmericasfromAsiaabout25000yearsago.TheydevelopedtheirownaboriginalculturesandsomeofthemsuchastheAztecs(阿兹台克文化/墨西哥地区),theIncas（印加文化/秘鲁地区）andtheMayas(玛雅文化/中美洲)wereveryadvancedwhenEuropeansarrivedintheNewWorld.But,asaresultofEuropeanconquest,theIndianpopulationwasquicklyreducedandtheircultureswereruthlesslydestroyed.2).FromEuropeandAfrica,beganwiththeexpansionofEuropefromthe16thcentury.(ThediscoveryofAmerica----ChristopherColumbus,anItaliansailor,believedthatbysailingwestfromEuropehecouldreachtheFarEast.In1492,hepersuadedtheSpanishmonarchytosupporthisvoyage.HelandedononeoftheBahamaIslands(巴哈马群岛)intheCaribbeanSeaandthus“discovered”theNewWorld.Basedonhisvoyage,theSpanishkingclaimedtheterritoryoftheAmericasandlaterconqueredthenativeAmericansandestablishedahugeempire.)欧洲三大宗教改革(TheReligiousReformation)主要人物ThreepioneersintheReligiousReformation宗教改革中的三个领袖MartinLuther马丁.路德JohnCalvin约翰.加尔文KingHenryVII英王亨利七世新教的特点TheybelievedthathumanbeingswerepredestinedbyGodbeforetheywerebornSomewereGod’schosenpeoplewhileothersweredamnedtohell.Neitherchurchnorgoodworkscouldsavepeople.ThesignofbeingGod’selectwasthesuccessinhisworkortheprosperityinhiscalling.TheyalsoarguedthateveryonemustreadtheBibleinordertofindGod’swillandestablishadirectcontactwithGod.ThesebeliefshadgreatimpactonAmericanculture.北美殖民地