中轴骨骼一、躯干骨组成：颈椎7块，胸椎12块，腰椎5块，骶骨1块，尾骨1块一般形态：各部椎骨主要特征寰椎atlas无椎体、棘突、关节突组成：前弓、后弓、侧块枢椎axis齿突隆椎vertebraprominens棘突特长，末端不分叉计数标志胸椎thoracicvertebrae腰椎lumbarvertebrae椎体大椎孔小棘突宽而短间隙宽骶骨sacrum,sacralbone和尾骨coccyx胸骨sternum肋ribs肋头肋颈肋结节肋体肋沟肋角各部椎骨的主要特征ArticulationsofBonesofTrunk躯干骨的连结Jointsofthevertebralbodies椎体间的连结Heminationofnucleuspulposus髓核脱出Anteriorlongitudinalligament前纵韧带Jointsofthevertebralarches椎弓间的连结Atlantooccipitaljoint寰枕关节Atlantoaxialjoint寰枢关节NormalCurvesofvertebralcolumnSpinabifidacystica脊柱裂Thoraciccage胸廓Generalfeaturesofthoraciccage