非谓语动词）（动词不定式、过去分词、动名词&现在分词不定式几乎可以充当除谓语以外的所有成分，动名词起名词的作用。现在分词和过去分词起形容词和副词的作用。非谓语动词在同一成分中用法的辨析：1．做主语：一般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。eg.Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.2．做宾语：eg.Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswimtodaybecauseIdon'tfeelwell.(1)．有些动词只能接不定式做宾语，这些动词接上不定式，含有明显的主观性和将来性意义。如：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)，等等。eg.Herefusedtospeakontheradio.Hedesiredtoseeyou．(2)．有些动词只接动名词做宾语，这些动词接上动名词，含有明显的依据往事或经验来作出理解和判断的意思。mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。短语动词：giveup，putoff，lookforwardto，feellike，insiston，objectto，prevent…from，setabout，can'thelp，be/getusedto等短语：beworthdoing，benogooddoing，benousedoing，bebusydoing等(积累！)eg.Themotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.Shecan'tstandhavingnothingtodoathome.Hiswifedoesn'tallowsmokinginsidetheroomandoftenadvisedhimtogiveupsmoking.Allthefamilyinsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.It'snogoodlearningwithoutpracticing.I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Shedoesn'tfeellikeeatinganything，beingillforafewdays.(3).有些动词后面既可接不定式，又可接动名词，其意义基本相同，区别不大。如；like，love，hate，delay，continue，attempt，afford(提供)，prefer．omit(省略)，begin，start.eg.TheEinsteins,however,couldnotaffordtopayfor(or：payingfor)theadvancededucationthatyoungAlbertneeded.Ipreferstaying(tostay)athomeonSunday.注意：begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。Whenwecamein,theywerebeginningtohavesupper.Afterhisexplanation,Ibegantounderstandit/realizethatIwaswrong.(4).有些词后面既可以接不定式．亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：A．remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=havingdone)，接不定式，表示将来意义：-------------------常考！PleaseremembertobringmethebookIwantnexttime.Irememberseeingher(=havingseenher)somewherebefore.Don'tforgettowritetomesoon.Ineverforgetvisiting(=havingvisited)themfor