直接引语与间接引语(DirectSpeechandindirectSpeech)1直接引语:直接引述别人得原话,叫直接引语。间接引语:用自己得话转述别人得话,叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。例如:MrBlacksaid,“I'mbusy”布莱克先生说:“我很忙”(直接引语)MrBlacksaidthathewasbusy、布莱克先生说她很忙。(间接引语)1、直接引语如果就是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略),从句中得人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。在这一方面,汉语与英语有许多相似之处,因此,在做直接引语与间接引语转换练习时,要特别注意句子得意义。1)人称得变化a)Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch、”她说:“我非常喜欢它。”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch、她说她非常喜欢它。b)Hesaidtome,“I'veleftmybookinyourroom、”她对我说:“我把书放在您得房间里了。”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom、她告诉我她把书放在我得房间里了。2)时态得变化如主句得谓语动词就是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句得谓语动词在时态方面要作相应得变化。如主句得谓语动词就是现在时,从句得时态则无需变化。时态得变化例句直接引语间接引语一般现在时→一般过去时Hesaid,“I'mafraidIcan'tfinishthiswork、”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn'tfinishthatwork、现在进行时→过去进行时Hesaid,“I'musingtheknife、”Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife、现在完成时→过去完成时Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay、”ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay、一般过去时→过去完成Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou、”Hesaidthathehadetohelpme、过去完成时不变Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper、”Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper、3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语与动词得变化:变化例句直接引语间接引语this-that这个-那个Shesaid,“Iwillethismorning、"Shesaidthatshewouldgothatmorning、these-those这些=那些Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine、"Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis、now-then现在-那时Hesaid,"Itisnine0'clocknow、"Hesaidthatitwasnine0'clockthen、today-thatday今天-那天Hesaid,"Ihaven'tseenhertoday、"Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday、yesterday-thedaybefore昨天-前一天shesaid,"Iwentthereyesterday、"Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore、tomorrow-thenext(following)day明天-第二天shesaid,"I'llgotheretomorrow、"Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext(following)day、here-there这里-那里e-go来-去注:(1)直接引语如果就是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:Hesaid,"Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound、"Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound、(2)如果在当地转述,here不必改为there,动词e不必改为go、如果在当天转述yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语变间接引语。见下表。分类连接词例句注意事项补充说明当直接引语为“陈述句”时连接词:that(口语中常常省略)Hesays,“Iwillgototheparktomorrow、”--Hesays(that)hewillgototheparktomorrow、H