非谓语一、基础知识1.非谓语动词的语法功能所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语（主语）补足语定语状语V-ing形式现在分词●●●●动名词●●●●不定式（todo）●●●●●●过去分词（done）●●●●注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词totellyouthetruth(实话说)，needlesstosay(不用说)，tobehonest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，tobemoreexact(更确切地说)，tomakethingsworse(更糟的是)，nottomention…(更不用说)，Generally/Frankly/Roughlyspeaking(一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说)2.非谓语动词的变化形式非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式todotobedoneforsb.todosth.或ofsb.todosth.在“to”前加not或never进行式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/动名词一般式doingbeingdonesb.或sb’sdoing作主语要用sb’sdoing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式：sb’snotdoingsb’snothavingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone现在分词与动名词变化形式相同在前加not二、重点难点（一）辨别谓语与非谓语特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。①Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand__lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A.beingweighedB.weighsC.weighedD.weighing②______bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.Togive（二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语①ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。②IthinkitimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。it作形式主语使用动名词的句型①Itisnouse/nogood/useless+doingsth.Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。②Itisfun(agreatpleasure,awasteoftime)Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.设法解释是浪费时间。2.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定①Idon’twant____likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded类似的知识点要记牢。如：help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long等动词后要用动词不定式作宾语。②Itisdifficulttoimaginehis________thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.A.acceptB.acceptingC.toacceptD.accepted类似的知识点要记牢。下列常见的这些动词（组）后要用动词动名词作宾语suggest,risk,devoteoneselfto（建议冒险去献身）finish,imagine,bear/stand,lookforwardto（完成想象忍盼望）giveup,delay/putoff,regret,miss（放弃延期悔失去）insiston/stickto,enjoy/appreciate,feellike,practice（坚持欣赏要实践）payattentionto,excuse,escape/avoid,objectto（注意原谅逃/避反对）keep,be/getusedto/beaccustomedto,mind（保持习惯勿介意）beworth,setabout/burstout/getdownto,bebusy（值得开始