洛基英语HYPERLINK"http://www.englishvip.com/wenkxd.htm"www.englishvip.com/wenkxd.htm大学英语自学教程(上册)unit15电视暴力片对孩子的影响15-A.HowTVViolenceAffectsKidsFormorethanaquarterofacentury,evidencehasbeenincreasingthatchildren'sexposuretoviolenceontelevisionhaslong-lasting,effectsontheirbehavior.Between1982and1986,theamountoftelevisiontimeallocatedeachweektoviolentprogramsincreasedsignificantly.Andthenumberofviolentactsontelevisioninthepastyearshasincreasedfromabout19to27perhour.Giventheamountoftimethatchildrenwatchtelevision,ithasbecomeoneofthemostpowerfulmodelstheywanttofollow.ThePositionStatementonMediaViolenceinChildren'sLives,recentlyadoptedbytheNationalAssociationfortheEducationofYoungChildren,pointsoutthatpreschoolchildrenareparticularlyeasilyaffectedbythemediabecausetheyarenotyetfullyabletodistinguishfantasyfromrealityandtheirunderstandingoftheunderlyingmotivesforbehaviorandthesubtletiesofmoralconflictsisnotyetwelldeveloped.Forexample,therapidrecoveriesofpeopleonTVfromviolentattacksgivechildrenanunrealisticpictureoftheinjuriesthathavebeensuffered.EffectsonPlayChildrennaturallyoftenwantthetoysshownonandadvertisedduringtheseprograms.Andwiththesetoys,theirplaytendstobemoreimitativethanimaginative.Childrensimplyimitatethebehaviorobservedduringtheprogram,thusunderminingboththeimaginativeandtheexpressivefunctionsofplay.Thenarrowrangeofmostviolence-relatedtoysadvertisedontelevisionjeopardizestheroleofplayinhelpingchildrenmakebettersenseoftheirownfeelingsandinterprettheirworld.SomeresearchevensuggeststhatchildrenapplythebehaviorsobservedonTVprogramstotheirreal-lifesituations.ParentsCanHelpItisagoodideaforparentstomonitortheamountaswellasthekindoftelevisiontheirpreschoolchildwatches.Ifyourchildappearstobecrazyaboutwarplayandweapons,itwouldbeagoodideatocontrolhisviewing.Controllingviewingiseasiertododuringthepreschoolyearsthanduringtheschoolyears,soyoushouldinitiateapatternofrestrictedtelevisionwatchingnow.Helpyourchildtointerpretwhatshesees-tothinkofexplanationsforthee