NursingandStrategiestoPromoteSocialRecognition护理职业内涵及社会再认知策略2.Isthereanythingwrongwiththenursingprofession?护理这份职业存在什么问题吗？3.Whathashappenedtothenursingprofession100yearsafterFlorenceNightingale’sdeath?在弗罗伦斯·南丁格尔去世的100年后，护理发生了怎样的变化？TheAssessment:评估：ExternalEnvironmentAssessment外在因素评估NursingasapublicrolefirstdevelopedintheChristianchurch.Deaconsanddeaconessescaredforthesick,insaneandlepersinthecommunitybuthadnoformaltraining.护理作为一个公众角色始于基督教会。当时是由未接受过正规培训的执事和女执事在社区里照顾那些病患、精神失常的及麻风病患者。Nursingwasnotconsideredarespectablevocationforayoungwoman.护理对于年轻女孩来说是一份不受尊重的职业。FlorenceNightingale(1860)hadmanagedtotransformnursingfromitsdisreputablepastintoarespectableprofessionforwoman.弗罗伦斯·南丁格尔（1860）成功地将护理从其声名狼藉的过去转变为一份对女人来说受尊重的职业。ThepatientsandthesocietyclearlyidentifiedtherolesandthecharacteristicsofthenursesasstatedbyFlorenceNightingale.南丁格尔阐明了护理的内涵，使患者和社会更加明确护士的角色及其特色。Thesisterlooksunnyandhealthy,thoughtheyworkhard.尽管修女们工作很辛苦，但看起来仍然阳光健康。Theyhaveregularhoursforbeingoffduty,andexerciseintheopenair.她们定期休息，定期进行户外锻炼。Thepatientstellmehow“homelikeitseemstohavewomeninthewards,andwhatacomfortitisintheiragony,tobehandledbytheircarefulhands.”患者告诉我：“病房里有了她们就有了家的温馨，她们的精心照护是病痛时的安慰”。Herearefourhundredpersonsinallphasesofsuffering,inneat,cheerfulwards,brightenedbypotsofflowers,andthefacesofkind,devotedwomen.在干净整洁充满欢笑的病房里住有400个承受不同病痛煎熬的患者，因病房里一盆盆明艳的花朵及一张张充满关爱的无私奉献的女人的脸而生辉Theimageofthenursewasperceivedas:护士曾被认为是：WhathashappenedtothenursingprofessionafterFlorenceNightingale’sdeath?在弗罗伦斯·南丁格尔去世后，护理发生了哪些变化呢？PerceptionofthepatientsandsocietyonehundredyearsafterFlorenceNightingale’sdeath在弗罗伦斯·南丁格尔去世100多年后，患者及社会又是怎么看待护理的呢？Patientsandthesocietylookatnursesasphysicians’assistants,arolethatstillshapesthepublicimageofnursing.患者及社会把护士看作医生的助手，一直持续至今。InspiteofthehighdegreeinNursingEducation(masteranddoctoraldegree)andadvancepracticeinvariousareas,patientsandthesocietycontinuetocallthem“Nurse”not“Doctor”尽管目前护理教育有较高的学历（硕士或博士），高级临床实践遍及多个领域，但患者及社会依然称她们“护士”而不是