如何理解托福阅读段落逻辑关系1.因果关系因：because,becauseof,for,as,since,inthat,onaccountof,with果：so,sothat,therefore,thereby,asaresult,hence,thus,consequently,accordingly因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。隐性因果：A导致(因-果)：cause,reason,leadto,giveriseto,resultin,render,make,let,ask,support,push,stimulate,spark,spur,fuel,produce,beresponsiblefor如：Theincreasedpressuresofexpandingpopulationshaveledtotheremovalofwoodyplantssothatmanycitiesandtownsaresurroundedbylargeareascompletelylackingintreesandshrubs。在这段话中，有leadto，表示了导致的意思，即结果;而sothat更进一步表示了后面的结果，所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。B由…而来(果-因)：resultfrom,derivefrom,originatefrom,initiatefrom,stemfrom,beresponsiveto,beattributableto如：“Theextremeseriousnessofdesertificationresultsfromthevastareasoflandandtremendousnumbersofpeopleaffected,aswellasfromthegreatdifficultyofreversingorevenslowingtheprocess。”在这段话中，根据resultfrom可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时，选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。C反映，体现(果-因)：reflect,present,demonstrate,suggest,imply,showThisresultdemonstratesthat…D考虑到：given,considering,inviewof,thanksto,accordingtoHesucceededthanksto(inviewof)hiseffort。E依赖于：relyon,dependon,resortto,Heresortedtobookswhenhehadproblems。F条件关系：when,once,assoonas,aslongasAssoonashegotthemoney,hewouldleavethecountryatonce。G分词短语，不定式做状语：Failinginthefinalexam,shecried。2.对比转折关系A对比：while,whereas,ontheotherhand在解释句子题、插入句子题中，一旦出现对比关系，学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。While,whereas前后连接的是平行结构，ontheotherhand前必定有ononehand，可以用来把握句间关系。B转折：but,although,despite,inspiteof,nevertheless,however转折是托福阅读的一个经典考点之一，掌握这些转折词对考试非常有帮助。3.比较关系A同级比较as…asB比较级：more…than,-erthan,less…thanC变化：change,alter,vary,modify,revise,increase,decrease,enhance,diminish,develop,progress,advance,improve,retreat,degenerate,continue,remainD差异：different,distinguish,separate,same,similar,comparable,compare…toE超越：surpass,exceed,excel,overF最高级1)本身有最高级含义：maximum,minimum,peak,outstanding,top2)本身程度比较深：amazing,surprising,astonishing,prohibitivelyhigh3)否定+比较=最高级Nooneismoreoutstandingthanhim。从这句话中可以看出，否定加比较表示的是一种最高级关系。4.否定关系显性否定：no,not,never,nor,noneneither隐形否