暑期课程01英语句子成分讲解主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数词）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantistalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。一般是动词。系动词be(amisarewaswere)感官动词（looksoundfeeltaste）情态动词（canmaymustshallshouldwillwouldmight后面必须跟动词原形共同构成谓语）shecanbeateacher.WestudyEnglish.HestudiesEnglish.Heisasleep.表语（predicative）：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwenty-one?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（动名词）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）宾语（objective）：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。1）动作的承受者——动宾IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?3）双宾语——间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.补语（complement）：宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）主补：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.定语（Attributive）：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）状语（adverbial）：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.（状从）Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.（相关内容请参