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会计学Lesson7–Mandela’sGardenNelsonMandela(1918—)NelsonMandelaisoneofthegreatmoralandpoliticalleadersofourtime:aninternationalherowhoselifelongdedicationtothefightagainstracialoppressioninSouthAfricawonhimtheNobelPeacePrizeandthepresidencyofhiscountry.Sincehistriumphantreleasein1990frommorethanaquarter-centuryofimprisonment,Mandelahasbeenatthecenterofthemostcompellingandinspiringpoliticaldramaintheworld.AspresidentoftheAfricanNationalCongressandheadofSouthAfrica'santiapartheidmovement,hewasinstrumentalinmovingthenationtowardmultiracialgovernmentandmajorityrule.Heisreveredeverywhereasavitalforceinthefightforhumanrightsandracialequality.NelsonRolihlahlaMandelawasborninTranskei,SouthAfricaonJuly25th,1918.HisfatherwasChiefHenryMandelaoftheTembuTribe.MandelahimselfwaseducatedatUniversityCollegeofFortHareandtheUniversityofWitwatersrandandqualifiedinlawin1942.HejoinedtheAfricanNationalCongress(ANC)in1944andwasengagedinresistanceagainsttherulingNationalParty'sapartheidpoliciesafter1948.Hewentontrialfortreasonin1956—1961andwasacquittedin1961.MandelamarriedWinniein1958.Itwasalovestory,temperedtragicallybythepoliticalambitionsofitstwolarger-than-lifeprotagonists.HefeltguiltyforwhatWinniehadenduredbecauseofyearsofimprisonment.ButWinnieandhisfamilyalwayscamesecondtohisothergreatlove,theANCandtheliberationstruggle.In1960,ANCwasbannedbythegovernment,soMandelabegantheundergroundactivities.In1963,whenmanyfellowleadersoftheANCwerearrested,Mandelawasbroughttostandtrialwiththemforplottingtooverthrowthegovernmentbyviolence.Hisstatementfromthedockreceivedconsiderableinternationalpublicity.“IhavefoughtagainstwhitedominationandIhavefoughtblackdomination.Ihavecherishedtheidealofademocraticandfreesociety,inwhichallpersonslivetogetherinharmonyandwithequalopportunities.Itisthehopetoliveforandtoachieve.Butifneedsbe,itisanidealforwhichIampreparedtodie.”—MandelathestatementfromthedockOnJune12,1964,eightoftheaccused,includingMandela,weresentencedtolifeimprisonment.From1964to1982,hewasincarcer
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