第一章词语翻译目录词语包含词和短语，是积句成篇基本语言单位。英汉或汉英翻译中，词语处理首先需分析这两种语言词语间存在差异，然后，透过语言现象探讨翻译对策和技巧。本章将主要针对词语翻译分别介绍相关词义选择、词类转换、增词法、省略法、直译与意译（归化与异化）以及四字词组翻译技巧和方法。一词义选择回目录例2：ThecrimeofsmugglingsolidrefusesasprovidedinItem(3)offormerArticle155oftheCriminalLawisannulled.例3：“大雁，告诉姨，你拣麦穗做啥?”我大言不惭地说:“我要备嫁妆哩!”例4：一位高级编辑起身祝酒。（二）依据感情色彩选择词义例1：Hehascombinedwithotherstosubjectustoajurisdictionforeigntoourconstitution,unacknowledgedbyourlaws.例2：French,German,Spanishworkmen!Letourvoiceuniteinonecryofreprobationagainstwar!例3：Itisknown,howinthedayofJune1848,the“menoforder”shookEuropewiththecryofindignationagainsttheinsurgentbecauseoftheassassinationoftheArchbishopofParis.（三）依据文化背景知识选择词义例1：Eighth,theybelievethatallofthenationsoftheworld,forrealisticaswellasspiritualreasonsmustcometotheabandonmentoftheuseofforce.例2：Afterafour-yearrelationshipwithamajorfortune100companybeginningasasalestrainerandendingasaregionalsalesmanager，Ileftthecompanyattheheightofmycareer.（四）依据上下文和逻辑选择词义RecitalsEmploymentDutiesTermCompensation引述语聘用职责期限赔偿（五）依据语气强弱选择词义例2：Heexultsintheimportantpartheplaysandthenoisehemakesintheworld.二词类转换（一）英译汉中词类转换例2：Atthethoughtofthemishaphislegsstiffenedunderhimandcouldn‘tmoveastepfurther.例3：Heisnosmoker,buthisfatherisachain-smoker.例4：ShehadhighpraiseforDr.Higpan,althoughshecomplainedabouthisstrictness.（2）形容词、副词转译成动词例2：Youareignorantofthedutiesyouundertakeinmarrying.例3：Whentheswitchisoff,thecircuitisopenandelectricitydoesn’tgothrough.（3）介词转译为动词例1：Awaysheskimmedoverthelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheveranda,andintotheporch.例2：Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps.2.转译成名词例1:“WhatdoesMr.Darcymean,”saidshetoCharlotte,“bylisteningtomyconversationwithColonelForster?”例2：OfficialAmericaisgoingtoobjecttheproposal.3.转译成形容词或副词例1：Withoutthegaspipelines,themovementoflargevolumesofgasesovergreatdistanceswouldbeaneconomicimpossibility.例2：It’struethatcorruptionremainsaprobleminmanydevelopingcountries,eventhedevelopedcountries.（二）汉译英中词类转换例1：当前