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中国药科大学药学专业英语黄芪OriginsPlantMorphologyCollectionandPreparationProductionandCommerceDescriptionMicroscopicalCharactersChemicalConstituentsPhysicalandChemicalIdentificationPharmacologyActionIndicationHuangqi(黄芪)isalsocalledhuangqi(黄耆)andwasfirstrecordedinShenNongBenCaoJingasasuperiorherb.AccordingtoLiShizhen,theChinesenamehuangqi(黄耆)consistsofhuang(黄)andqi(耆),huangmeaningyellow,andqimeaning“leader”.Itisoneofthemostimportanttonicherbs,andthatiswhyitwasgiventhisname.ItisthedriedrootofAstragalusmembranaceus(Fisch)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)HsiaoorAstragalusmembranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.,familyLeguminosae.Flowersinaxillaryracemes;calyxcampanulate,5-toothed;corollayelloworyellowish,1.8～2cmlong;standardoblong-ovate;wingsandkeelclawed;stamens10,diadelphous;ovarylongstalked.Legume(pod)，membranaceous,inflatedtobesemi-ovate,1.1～1.5cmindiameter,glabrous.FloweringseasonJun.～Jul.;fruitingseasonJul.～Sept..Cylindrical,somebranched,upperpartrelativelythick,30～90cmlong,1～3.5cmindiameter.Externallypalebrownish-yelloworpalebrown,withirregular,longitudinalwrinklesandmoretransverselenticel-likeprotrusions,corkeasilyexfoliated,exposingyellowish-whitecortex,sometimesshowingreticulatedfibrebundles.Texturehardandtenacious,uneasilybroken,fracturehighlyfibrousandstarchy,barkyellowish-white,woodpaleyellowwithradiatestriationsandfissures,thecentrepartofoldrootoccasionallyrotten-wood-shaped,blackish-brownorhollowed.Odour,weak;taste,slightlysweetandslightlybean-likeonchewing.Corkconsistingofmanyrowsofcells.Phelloderm,3～5rowsofcollenchymatouscells.Outerpartofphloemraysoftencurvedandfissured;fibresinbundles,wallsthickenedandlignifiedorslightlylignified,arrangedalternatelywithsievetubegroups;stonecellssometimesvisiblenearphelloderm.Cambiuminaring.Xylemvesselsscatteredsinglyor2～3aggregatedingroups;woodfibresexistingamongvessels;stonecellssinglyor2～4ingroups,sometimesvisibleinrays.Parenchymatouscellscontainingstarchgranules.Yellowish-white.Fibresinbundlesorscattered,8～30μmindiameter,thick-walled,with
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