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2004铁道部高级专业技术人员培训讲座之一（1）电铁发展1电力牵引早期发展历史EarlyDevelopmentHistoryofElectrictraction1.1SocialDemand1.2EarlyExperiments1.3InventionofDCDynamoandMotor1.4EmergenceofElectricRailwayTHESIEMENSELECTRICRAILWAYlaiddownattheBerlinExhibitionof1879.Theshortlinewasabout600yardslong,andcurrentwasdrawnfromathirdrailbetweenthetrackwhichactedasthereturntothedynamo.Thelocomotivehauledamaximumofsomethirtypassengersataspeedofaboutfourmilesanhour.Thishistoricillustrationshowsoneoftheearliesttrainloadsofpassengers,seateduponthreecarriages.THETHREE-HORSEPOWERelectriclocomotivebuiltbyWernervonSiemensfortheBerlinExhibitionof1879.Theengine,whichcreatedagreatsensation(轰动)initsday,wasmountedonatruck(转向架)withthedrivetotheaxlethroughspurgearing(正齿轮).(3)Siemens‘demonstrationledtootherexhibitionsatBrussels,Düsseldorf,andFrankfurt.SiemensandHalskethenbuiltalinetoLiehterfelde,nearBerlin,oneandahalfmileslong（柏林近郊的利希特菲尔德车站至军事学院之间，长2.45km).Thisline,whichwasopenedfortrafficwithoneelectriccarin1881wasthefirstpublicelectricrailwayintheworld.Themotorwascarriedonaframebelowthebodyofthecarbetweentheaxles.Powerwastransmittedfromthearmatureofthemotortodrumsonthedrivingaxlesbymeansofsteelcables.Thecarcarriedtwenty-sixpassengers,andranatthirtymilesanhouronacurrentsupplyof100volts.(4)同年，法国巴黎国际电工展览会上展出了一条长500m用两条架空线授电的电车线路。1.5EarlyDevelopmentsofElectricRailway(4)InGreatBritaintheopeningoftheCityandSouthLondon"Tube"railway,in1890,markedanepochinthedevelopmentofelectrictractionandhadfar-reachingconsequencesthroughouttheworld.Thislinenotonlygaveanimpetustotheuseofelectricityforrailwaywork,butwasalsotheforerunnerofLondon‘sUndergroundrailways,nowthelargestsystemsofitskind.1890年伦敦地铁改用电力牵引，采用DC600V，由第三轨供电。Thelinewasreconstructedbetween1922and1924,withstandardtunnels,of11ft.8¼in.diameter.Thecastirontubesoftheoriginallinewereofonly10ft.2in.diameter.THECITYANDSOUTHLONDONTUBERAILWAYwasopenedin1890,andmarkedtheprogressofelectrictraction.Thislinewasreconstructedbetween1922and1924.Thetubeoftheoriginallinehada10ft.2in.diametercomp
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