会计学I.英语的抽象性词义虚化词义虚化词义虚化语义词化II.汉语的具体性汉语中的抽象词英译汉：化虚为实Tohelpmyselflivewithoutfault,ImadealistofwhatIconsideredthe13virtues.Thesevirtuesare1Temperance2Self-control3Silence4Order5Firmnessofmind6Savings7Industry8Honesty9Justice10Cleanliness11Calmness12Morality13Humbleness为了使自己生活中不犯错误，特列出我认为应该身体力行的13条守则。这些守则是：1节制饮食2自我克制3沉默寡言4有条不紊5坚定信念6勤俭节约7工作勤奋8忠诚老实9办事公正10衣履整洁11平心静气12品行高尚13谦虚恭顺汉译英：化实为虚他这一阵心头如同十五个吊桶打水，七上八下，老是宁静不下来。Hismindwasinaturmoilthesedaysandhewasquiteunabletothinkstraight.茗烟又吩咐道：“不可拿进园去，叫人知道了，我就‘吃不了兜着走’了“。“Don’ttakethemintothegarden,”Ming-yenwarnedhim.”IftheywerefoundI’dbeinserioustrouble.”唉，那是客臣的井蛙之见喽，所谓“情人眼里出西施“啦。Alas,thatwasowingtomyignorance,thatiswhatiscalledpartiality.允跪而言曰：“百姓有倒悬之危，君臣有危卵之急，非汝不能救也。”（罗贯中《三国演义》）WangYunkneltsaying,“Thepeopleareonthebrinkofdestruction,theprinceandhisofficersareinjeopardy,andyou,youaretheonlysaviour.”