地质学(geology)是关于地球的物质组成、内部构造、外部特征、各层圈之间的相互作用和演变历史的知识体系。地球的主要构造从里到外依次为地核(core)、地幔(mantle)、地壳(crust)。托福听力地质学部分涉及的理论体系主要有：。1.板块构造学说(platetectonics)。全球的岩石圈可以分为六大板块(plate)，板块与板块的交界处由于其相对移动发生碰撞(collision)和张裂(tensioncrack)，在板块碰撞的地方常形成山脉(mountainrange)，在板块张裂的地方常形成裂谷(riftvalley)和海洋(ocean)。上述地壳运动活跃地区很容易形成火山(volcano)和地震(earthquake)，必备词汇：岩浆(lava)，摩擦(fraction)，喷发(eruption)2.大陆漂移学说（continentaldrift)。其作用主要有两个：一是解释各大版块边缘为什么能够完美的贴合而是预测大陆板块的运动方向。此外，冰川的形成、放射性元素（例如铀-uranium)定年法等也是常见的话题。广义地质类：地址学，地理学，环境科学，天文学，气象学，地磁作用，地球污染，宇宙起源，星系星座，天体构造（太阳系天体），天体轨迹,公转自传的影响，板块漂移，陨石坑,地貌,大气，海洋,洋流，潮汐，冰河期，间冰期，全球变暖，动植物生存危机（珊瑚礁）托福听力高频主题Glossaryparticles颗粒Textures质地pore空隙bound连接preliminary初步的specific特定的fill填充residence存在Subsequent后续saturate浸透的，饱和的pollutant污染trap困入farreachingimplication深远影响1.WhydoestheprofessorcompareisotopestofingerprintsA.ToprovidesupportforanargumentB.ToclarifyadifficultconceptC.ToidentifyaproblemwiththeresearchstudyD.TosuggestawaytotestatheoryB原文出处.1QThey’relike,differentversionsofthesameelement.Andjustaswecanidentifypeoplefromtheirfingerprint,wecantraceisotopesusingstableisotopeanalysis.解析:运用大家熟悉的指纹帮助解释同位素分析法。故选BACD无中生有2.WhatpointdoestheprofessoremphasizeabouttheregionexaminedinthestudyhedescribesA.Itssteepmountainouspositionexaggeratestheeffectsofwaterflowthere.B.Itsdryclimatelimitshowmuchinformationitcanyieldaboutwatermovement.C.Itsrainfallpatternsandsoilconditionsarenottypicalofconditionsinallregions.D.Itssoilabsorbswateratamuchgreaterratethansoilinamore、temperateclimate.C3.Whatdidtheresearchersdiscoveraboutsmallsoilpores?A.Smallporesmakethemovementofwaterthroughsoildifficulttotrace.B.Thenumberofsmallporesinthesoilofaspecificareaisrelatedtothenumberofhydrogenisotopesthere.C.Treesreceivelesswaterfromsmallporesthanfromlargepores.D.Smallporesretainwaterlongerthanpreviouslythought.D4.Inthesoilexaminedbytheresearchers,whathappenstorainwaterthatfallstowardtheendoftherainyseasonA.Mostofitmovesthroughthesoiltonearbystreams.B.Mostofitisabsorbedby