生物科学论文PAGEI生物科学论文三种甘蓝雄性不育类型花粉发育的细胞学观察院系生命科学学院专业生物科学中文摘要本实验利用光学显微和电子显微镜在细胞水平和亚细胞水平对三种我国研究和利用较多的甘蓝雄性不育类型进行了较为系统全面的雄性败育特征和时期分析。实验结果表明，隐性核不育类型主要败育时期为减数分裂期，主要败育特征为花粉母细胞期绒毡层细胞和中层细胞异常且异常特征在不同植株上表现不一致，四分孢子正常释放后不能形成正常花粉壁，并迅速败育;萝卜胞质不育类型萝卜胞质不育主要败育时期在四分体前期，败育特征主要表现为从减数分裂后期开始绒毡层细胞活动异常,绒毡层细胞进行性加厚，其大部分四分孢子能自由释放但受绒毡层细胞挤压败育，其小孢子外壁孢粉素沉积延迟，但最终能发育出较为完全的花粉外壁；显性核不育主要败育时期在四分体后期，主要败育特征是小孢子不能自由释放，但花粉壁能正常沉积孢粉素，包裹在四分体外的胼胝质降解延迟，而花粉母细胞壁直到花粉成熟仍不能降解。关键字：甘蓝(Brassicaoleracea)，雄性不育，细胞学观察，小孢子发育AbstractThemicrosporogenesisofthreekindsofmalesterilityinBrassicaoleraceaVar.capitatawereinvestigatedbyusinglightmicroscope(LM)andtransmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM).StudyheresuggestedthatthefirstsignofsignificantphenotypeofMs-cr1wasabnormallydevelopedtapetumandmiddlelayercellsatthestageofmeiosis.Freemicrosporesdidnotformexineanddegeneratesoonafterreleasingfromtetrads.IntheOguCMS,themicrosporedisruptionwascloselycorrelatedwithoccurrenceoftapetalabnormal.Afterthecompletionofmeiosis,thetapetumcellsshowedanabnormalincreaseinsizeandthereleasedmicrosporewithnormalexineweresquashedanddegeneratedsoon.ThedevelopmentofmicrosporesinMs-cd1wascomparabletofertileplantsuptothetimeoftetradformation.Afterthecompletionoftetradsstage,theseparationofmicrosporesfromeachtetradinthemutantwasarrested.ThemicrosporeswithdevelopingbaculaandtectuminMs-cd1stilladheredtogether.Thecallosicwallofthemutantaroundthemicrosporesdegeneratedmuchslowerthanthatofwildtype.ThepollenmothercellwallsurroundingthedevelopingmicrosporesinMs-cd1remainedun-degeneratedtillverylatepollenstage.Keywords:cabbage(Brassicaoleracea)，malesterility，cytologicalobservation，microsporogenesis目录TOC\o"1-4"\h\z\uHYPERLINK\l"_Toc135300138"0引言PAGEREF_Toc135300138\h1HYPERLINK\l"_Toc135300139"1材料与方法PAGEREF_Toc135300139\h1HYPERLINK\l"_Toc135300140"1.1实验材料PAGEREF_Toc135300140\h1HYPERLINK\l"_Toc135300141"1.2实验方法PAGEREF_Toc135300141\h2HYPERLINK\l"_Toc135300142"1.2.1光学半薄切片制备和观察PAGEREF_