生物化学复习重点生物化学名词解释集锦第一章蛋白质1两性离子dipolarion2必需氨基酸essentialaminoacid3等电点isoelectricpointpI4稀有氨基酸rareaminoacid5非蛋白质氨基酸nonproteinaminoacid6构型configuration7蛋白质的一级结构proteinprimarystructure8构象conformation9蛋白质的二级结构proteinsecondarystructure10结构域domain11蛋白质的三级结构proteintertiarystructure12氢键hydrogenbond13蛋白质的四级结构proteinquaternarystructure14离子键ionicbond15超二级结构super-secondarystructure16疏水键hydrophobicbond17范德华力vanderWaalsforce18盐析saltingout19盐溶saltingin20蛋白质的变性denaturation21蛋白质的复性renaturation22蛋白质的沉淀作用precipitation23凝胶电泳gelelectrophoresis24层析chromatography第二章核酸1单核苷酸mononucleotide2磷酸二酯键phosphodiesterbonds3不对称比率dissymmetryratio4碱基互补规律complementarybasepairing5反密码子anticodon6顺反子cistron7核酸的变性与复性denaturation、renaturation8退火annealing9增色效应hyperchromiceffect10减色效应hypochromiceffect11噬菌体phage12发夹结构hairpinstructure13DNA的熔解温度meltingtemperatureTm14分子杂交molecularhybridization15环化核苷酸cyclicnucleotide第三章酶与辅酶1米氏常数Km值2底物专一性substratespecificity3辅基prostheticgroup4单体酶monomericenzyme5寡聚酶oligomericenzyme6多酶体系multienzymesystem7激活剂activator8抑制剂inhibitorinhibiton9变构酶allostericenzyme10同工酶isozyme11诱导酶inducedenzyme12酶原zymogen13酶的比活力enzymaticcompareenergy14活性中心activecenter第四章生物氧化与氧化磷酸化1生物氧化biologicaloxidation2呼吸链respiratorychain3氧化磷酸化oxidativephosphorylation4磷氧比P/OP/O5底物水平磷酸化substratelevelphosphorylation6能荷energycharg第五章糖代谢1糖异生glycogenolysis2Q酶Q-enzyme3乳酸循环lactatecycle4发酵fermentation5变构调节allostericregulation6糖酵解途径glycolyticpathway7糖的有氧氧化aerobicoxidation8肝糖原分解glycogenolysis9磷酸戊糖途径pentosephosphatepathway10D-酶D-enzyme11糖核苷酸sugar-nucleotide第六章脂类代谢生物化学复习重点1必需脂肪酸essentialfattyacid2脂肪酸的α-氧化α-oxidation3脂肪酸的β-氧化β-oxidation4脂肪酸的ω-氧化ω-oxidation5乙醛酸循环glyoxylatecycle6柠檬酸穿梭citriateshuttle7乙酰CoA羧化酶系acetyl-CoAcarnoxylase8脂肪酸合成酶系统fattyacidsynthasesystem第八章含氮化合物代谢1蛋白酶Proteinase2肽酶Peptidase3氮平衡Nitrogenbalance4生物固氮Biologicalnitrogenfixation5硝酸还原作用Nitratereduction6氨的同化Incorporationofammoniumionsintoorganicmolecules7转氨作用Transamination8尿素循环Ureacycle9生糖氨基酸Glucogenicaminoacid10生酮氨基酸Ketogenicaminoacid11核酸酶Nuclease12限制性核酸内切酶Restrictionendonucl