语法学习（Unit4）直接引语和间接引语当我们引用别人的话时，我们可以用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来，如果是引用原话，被引用的部分就称为直接引语（DirectSpeech）,否则称为间接引语(IndirectSpeech)：直接引语：LaoYangsaid:“I’mnotfree.”间接引语：LaoYangsaidhewasn’tfree.直接引语通常都用引号括起来，间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。如果引用的句子原来是一个陈述句，在间接引语中我们就要注意下面几点：在引语的开头用连词that:Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”Hetoldhismotherthattheboywasverynaughty.他告诉他妈那孩子很调皮。在动词say后，that有时可以不用。2)根据意思改变人称：Hesaid(tome),“Ihaveleftmybookinyourroom.”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.他告诉我他把书丢在我房里了。Shesaid(tome),“Yourpronunciationisbetterthanmine.”Shesaidthatmypronunciationwasbetterthanhers.她说我的发音比她的好。注意引语中的谓语与句子主要谓语在时态上的一致：Shesaid,“Ineedsomegauze.”Shesaidthatsheneededsomegauze.她说她需要一点纱布。Kittysaid,“I’llcallagainaftersupper.”Kittysaidthatshewouldcallagainaftersupper.凯蒂说她晚饭后再来。Marysaid,“I’mbeginningtosleepbetter.”Marysaidthatshewasbeginningtosleepbetter.玛丽说她开始睡得比较好些了。Joesaid,“We’vegottwofirstplacesinthesportsmeet.”Joesaidthattheyhadgottwofirstplacesinthesportsmeet.乔说他们在运动会中得了两项冠军。Tomsaid,“Wehavebeenrehearsingallweek.”Tomsaidthattheyhadbeenrehearsingallweek.汤姆说他们已经排演整整一礼拜了。Bettysaid,“I’llbewaitingforyourcall.”Bettysaidthatshewouldbewaitingformycall.贝蒂说她将等候我的电话。Wusaid,“He’llhavearrivedbytonight.”Wusaidthathewouldhavearrivedbythatnight.老吴说到晚上时他会已经到达。“Frank,Icametoreturnyouthebook,”Henrysaid.HenrytoldFrankthathehadcometoreturnhimthebook.亨利告诉佛兰克他是来还书的。“Ijoinedthearmyin1989,”XiaoLisaid.XiaoLisaidthathejoinedthearmyin1989.小李说他是1989年参军的。根据意思将指示代词，地点及时间状语等作必要的更动：Shesaid,“I’llcomehereagaintonight.”Shesaidthatshewouldcomehereagainthatnight.她说她那一天晚上再去那里。Hesaid,“Iarrivedyesterdaymorning.”Hesaidthathehadarrivedthemorningbefore.他说他是头一天上午到的。Shesaid,“Mysisterwillbebacktomorrowevening.”Shesaidthathersisterwouldbebackthefollowingevening.她说她姐姐第二天晚上回来。3.在引用一个疑问句时，除了注意人称，状语等的变更和时态的一致之外，还要注意把引语中的语序变为陈述句的语序，也就是要把主语放在谓语的前面：Thesecretaryasked,“What’syouroccupation?”Thesecretaryaskedwhatmyoccupationwas.秘书问我是什么职业。Heasked,“Whereareyoutogetoff,John?”HeaskedJohnwhereh