[精]果树栽培学实验实习指导书（完整版）(文档可以直接使用，也可根据实际需要修改使用,可编辑欢迎下载）果树栽培学实验实习指导书(园艺专业用)河南科技学院果树栽培教研室二00五年一月目录果树树种、品种的识别实验1主要果树树种的识别································3实验2主要果树品种（品种群）的识别·············5实验3果实分类与构造观察··················10果树生物学特性实验4果树物候期的观察···················11实验5果树根系的观察···················13实验6果树树体结构和枝芽特性的观察············15实验7果树生长结果习性的观察（一）苹果、梨、桃、葡萄····17实验8果树生长结果习性的观察（二）核桃、枣、扁桃······19实验9果树树冠体积及叶面积指数的测定············21实验10果树花芽分化的观察··················23花果管理实习11果树树势的判断与估产·················25实习12果树人工辅助授粉··················27实习13果树的疏花、疏果和套袋················28果树育苗实习14果树种子生活力的测定与层积处理·········30实习15播种前的种子催芽处理···········31实习16果树种子的播种和管理············32实习17果树的嫁接（一）芽接和枝接··············33实习18果树的嫁接（二）室内嫁接··········35实习19果树的高接····················36实习20果树的桥接················37实习21果树主要砧木的识别··················38实习22矮化效应调查·················41实习23果树的扦插和压条················43实习24苗木的挖掘、分级、包装和假植·············44果园建立实验25果园的调查·····················46实验26果园的规划和设计·················47实习27果树栽植技术················49果树土肥水管理实验28落叶果树缺素症的观察················50实验29果树的施肥方法·················51果树整形修剪实验30果树修剪反应调查···················53实习31果树的夏季修剪····················54实习32苹果的整形修剪····················56实习33苹果匍匐栽培的整形修剪················58实习34梨树的整形修剪····················59实习35葡萄的整形修剪····················61实习36桃的整形修剪····················63实习37枣的整形修剪····················65实习38核桃的整形修剪····················66果园其他管理实习39生长调节剂的配置和应用················68实习40果实的采收、分级和包装················71实习41果树的防寒······················73实习42果树的冻害调查····················74实习43果园管理工作历的制订·················77实习44果树标本的保存和制作·················78果树种类、品种识别实验1主要果树树种的识一、目的要求1．从植物形态识别主要果树的特征，为初学果树栽培学奠定基础。2．初步培养学生认识树种的能力。二、材料1．果树植株选择植株依标本园的具体条件而定，事先要挂牌，注明科、属、种名称，主要果树有：苹果、梨、葡萄、桃、杏、李、扁桃、枣、核桃、草莓、山楂、石榴和无花果等主要果树。2．标本各类果树枝、叶、花、果的蜡叶标本和浸制标本。三、实验内容1.苹果（MaluspumilaMill）为蔷薇科苹果属植物。落叶乔木。树干较光滑，灰褐色，新梢多茸毛。叶芽成等边三角形，紧贴枝上。花芽圆锥形，大部顶生，也有腋花芽。芽均有茸毛。叶椭圆形或卵圆形，叶缘有钝圆锯齿，幼时有毛，老时叶面茸毛脱落，叶柄有茸毛，基部有较大的披针形托叶。花芽为混合芽