主要内容第一节抗细菌感染免疫一、细菌感染致病的机理细菌内毒素和外毒素的性质比较产外毒素细菌的致病机理产内毒素细菌的致病机理LPS引起败血性休克(septicshock)Shwartzmanreaction细菌侵入机体致病的机理二、机体的抗菌机制影响机体抗病力的主要因素一些重要的抗菌物质三、抗细菌的特异性免疫抗产外毒素细菌感染的免疫抗细菌感染的免疫热休克蛋白的作用IntracellularbacteriaandtheirmechanismsofsurvivalThedifferentialprocessingofliveanddeadbacteria免疫反应对细菌感染的作用四、细菌逃逸机体免疫的途径五、机体抗细菌免疫的负面效果六、一些抗细菌的疫苗Ecoli.J5株缺O抗原第二节抗病毒感染免疫一、病毒的结构及其抗原二、病毒感染的机理病毒吸附的受体三、机体抗病毒感染的机理感染病毒后机体的免疫反应四、机体抗病毒感染特异性免疫细胞介导的抗病毒反应五、病毒逃逸免疫反应病毒抗原变异机体产生的抗体不能中和病毒慢病毒（lentivirus）感染抗细菌免疫持续较短而抗病毒感染持续时间较长六、机体抗病毒免疫的负面效果第三节免疫增强剂细菌及其产物碳水化合物SerumHIantibodytitresintheGPsimmunisedtwiceata3-weekintervalwithPPVvaccinescontaining1)noadjuvant,2)GS-C,B1(4mg),3)1.5%Al(OH)3,4)1.5%Al(OH)3+GS-C,B1(2mg),5)GS-C,B1(2mg)or6)GS-C,B2(2mg)(4GPs/group).TheantibodytitresweremeasuredbyHIteststwoweeksaftertheboosterinjection.Thebarswithdifferentlettersaresignificantlydifferent(P<0.05).SerumantibodytitresintheGPsimmunisedwithPPVvaccinescontainingRb1(830g),Rg1(830g)+Rg1(830g),GS-C(2mg)orsalinewitha3weeksinterval.Bloodsamplesweretaken2weeksaftertheboosterforHItests.Thebarswithdifferentlettersweresignificantlydifferent(P<0.05).SerumIgG1andIgG2antibodiesinGPsimmunisedwithvaccinescontainingRb1(830g),Rg1(830g),GS-C(4mg)orsaline(5PGs/group).SamplesweretakentwoweeksafterboostervaccinationandassayedbyELISA.Theresultsareexpressedasmean±SDofopticaldensity(ODat450nm).Mean(SD)multiplesofpre-treatmentserumanti-OVAantibodytitresindairycows(n=6/group)aftertwoinjectionswithsalineonly,salinewith4mgovalbumin(OVA)aloneorincombinationwith4,16,64mgginsengextract(GS).ValueswithdifferentlettersdifferwithinthetimepointatP<0.05.Mean(SD)opticaldensity(OD)ofserumantibodiesagainstS.aureusindairyheifers(n=6/group)immunizedtwice,at0and14days,withaS.aureusbacterinonly(A),orthebactaerinmixedwithginsengextract(B)orginsenosideRb1(C).ValueswithdifferentlettersdifferwithintimepointatP<0.05.*Valuesaresignificantlydifferentfrompre-immunisationwithingroup(P<0.05).免疫增强药物维生素InterferonsIL2LPS引起败血性休克(septicshock)细菌侵入机体致病的机理三、抗细菌的特异性免疫第二节抗病毒感染免疫病毒吸附的