会计学历史回顾从“是什么”What？针刺真的镇痛吗？到“为什么”Why？针刺为什么会镇痛？Acupucture-inducedanalgesiaHumanObservation:足三里合谷-足三里对照组测痛是否能预测针麻效果？合谷穴内注射局麻药procaine阻断针刺镇痛ProcaineinfiltrationintheacupointabolishestheeffectofAADecayoftheEffectofAcupunctureAnalgesiaAftertheterminationofacupuncturestimulationHalflife(T1/2)=16minRabbitexperiment:crossinfusionofCSF从“是什么”What？针刺真的镇痛吗？是的！到“为什么”Why？针刺为什么会镇痛？机制研究从何入手？针刺镇痛的神经化学机制Tailflicklatency,%changeTheroleofCNSNAinEAanalgesia中枢神经递质在脑的不同部位发挥不同作用2HzEAincreasesEnkrelease100HzEAincreasesDynrelease15电针不同频率发挥不同作用放电频率SynergisticInteractionbetweenneuropeptidesTheoptimalcycleofDDwaveTrendsinNeuroscience,2003;26:17-22电针方法是否有改进余地？穴位接受什么刺激？电刺激穴位：两种方式CrosstolerancebetweenEAandTENS电针和TENS的比较电针镇痛的神经通路2931从原理研究返回临床实际Han’sAcupointNerveStimulator(HANS)韩氏穴位神经刺激仪针刺镇痛的积累效应疗效增强，作用时间延长。TheLonglastingEffectofElectroacupunctureonCold-inducedNeuropathicPain针刺积累效应的可能机制促进有关基因的表达Electroacupunctureacceleratesthegeneexpression(prepro-enkephalin)inratbrain2HzEAincreasedthelevelofPPEmRNAinnucleusaccumbensofCPPratsPPD(250bp)Dr.PaulWhite,UniversityofTexas,SouthWesternMedicalCenterandhisgroupWang,B.G.etal.(1997)Effectoftheintensityoftranscutaneousacupointelectricalstimulationonthepostoperativeanalgesicrequirement.Anesth.Analg.85,406-13Hamza,M.A.etal.(1999)Effectofthefrequencyoftranscutaneouselectricalnervestimulationonthepostoperativeopioidanalgesicrequirementandrecoveryprofile.Anesthesiology91,1232-8El-sayed,A.etal.(1999)Percutaneouselectricalnervestimulationforlowbackpain.Arandomizedcrossoverstudy.JAMA281,818-823Hamza,M.A.etal.(1999)Effectofthedurationofelectricalstimulationontheanalgesicresponseinpatientswithlowbackpain.Anesthesiology91,1622-7Hamza,M.A.,etal.(2000)Percutaneouselectricalnervestimulation:anovelanalgesictherapyfordiabeticneuropathicpain.DiabeticCare23,365-370由基础向临床反馈（翻译）韩济生1979第一次出国在旧金山为华侨做针灸原理报告，讲英语，译成广东话针刺镇痛成果继续延伸1990用于“戒毒”脑内一闪念药物成瘾EffectofHANSonheartrateofheroinaddictsBodyWeight(kg)药物成瘾Thecomputer-controlledconditionedplacepreference(C