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Functionalschool___byteamthreeGeneraldescriptionaboutfunctionalistschoolTheschoolholdsthattranslationisaparticularvarietyoftranslatonalactionbasedonsourcetext.Anytranslationalaction,includingtranslationitself,isanaction.Anyactionhasanaimorpurpose.TheSkopostheoriebroughtforthbyVermeeristhemostimportantfunctionalisttranslationtheory.?Thefunctionalisttranslationtheoriescastoffthefettersofequivalencetheorybyusing“skoposrule”asanoverallprincipleintranslationandplacingtranslationintheframeofactiontheoryandcross-culturalcommunicationtheory.Inthissense,thefunctionalisttheoriesbroadenthescopeoftranslationtheorystudyingandinfusenewmeaningsintotranslation.翻译理论的发展德国功能派翻译理论的形成历经四个发展阶段，主要包括凯瑟林娜?斯赖(KatharinaReiss)的功能主义翻译批评理论、汉斯?费米尔(HansVermeer)的目的论，贾斯塔?兹?塔利(Justa赫曼Holz-Manttari)的翻译行为理论和克里斯蒂安?诺德(ChristianeNord)的功能加忠诚理论。majorrepresentatives瑟林娜?赖斯(KatharinaReiss)贾斯塔?赫兹?曼塔利(JustaHolz-Manttari)汉斯?费米尔(HansVermeer)克里斯蒂安?诺德(ChristianeNord)KatharinaReiss（功能主义翻译批评理论）?KatharinaReisswasbornMay29,1859inUlm,Oberkirch,Baden,Germany,anddiedSeptember17,1924inRenchen,Achern,Baden,Germany.ShemarriedAugustBergeronMay6,1889?Functionalapproach?Classificationoftextsas:?'informative??'expressive??'operative?莱斯根据布勒的的语言功能，把文本类型分为三种：信息型、表情型、操作型TexttypeLanguagefunctionLanguagedimensioninformativeRepresentingobjectsandfactslogicalContentfocusedTransmitreferentialcontentPlainprose,explicitationasrequiredexpressiveExpressingsender’sattitudeaestheticoperativeappellativedialogicTextfocusTTshouldFormfocusedTransmitaestheticform‘Identifying’method，adoptperspectiveofSTauthorAppelativefocusedElicitdesiredresponsemethodAdaptative,equivalenceinformativeRefernceworkReport-----------------------BiographyPlaypoemexpressivelectureOperatingSermoninstructionsElectoralToursimspeechbrochureadvertisemenOfficialspeechOperativeKatharinaReiss?Works：TranslationCriticism-ThePotentialsandLimitations:CategoriesandCriteriaforTranslationQualityAssessment?Thisisthefi
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