胸腔积液诊疗和治疗专业知识培训DiagnosisofPleuralEffusionsChestRadiograph1.PleuralFluidastheOnlyAbnormalityWithPrimaryDiseaseintheChest2.BilateralEffusions3.DiseasesBelowtheDiaphragm4.InterstitialLungDisease5.PulmonaryNodulesValueofPleuralFluidAnalysisValueofPleuralFluidAnalysisDiagnosesthatcanbedefinitivelyExudatesVsTransudates(1)ExudatesVsTransudates(2)PleuralFluidNucleatedCellCount(1)PleuralFluidNucleatedCellCount(2)eosinophilia(>10%ofthetotalnucleatedcellsareeosinophils)mostcommonlypneumothoraxandhemothorax,BAPE,pulmonaryembolismwithinfarction,previousthoracentesis,parasiticdisease(paragonimiasis),fungaldisease,drug-inducedlungdisease,Hodgkin'slymphoma,carcinoma.Theprevalenceofpleuralfluideosinophiliaissimilarincarcinomatousandnoncarcinomatouspleuraleffusions.PleuralFluidpHandGlucose(1)PleuralFluidpHandGlucose(2)PleuralFluidpHandGlucose(3)漏出液渗出液鉴别漏出液渗出液鉴别胸腔积液的诊断程序胸腔积液的诊断程序考虑肺栓塞（CT、灌注扫描检查）CommonDiseasesAssociatedWithPleuralEffusionsCongestiveHeartFailureCongestiveHeartFailure(1)CongestiveHeartFailure(2)CongestiveHeartFailure(2)MalignantPleuralEffusionsMalignantPleuralEffusions(1)MalignantPleuralEffusions(2)MalignantPleuralEffusions(3)MalignantPleuralEffusions(4)MalignantPleuralEffusions(5)MalignantPleuralEffusions(6)MalignantPleuralEffusions(8)MalignantPleuralEffusions(9)MalignantPleuralEffusions(10)结核性与肿瘤性胸水的鉴别结核性与肿瘤性胸水的鉴别ParapneumonicEffusions:Pathophysiology,Diagnosis,andManagementIncidenceandDefinitionsPathophysiology（1）Pathophysiology（2）Diagnosis(1)Diagnosis(2)Diagnosis(3)Diagnosis(4)Management(1)Management(2)