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Siliconmicroprocessorshavebeentheheartofthecomputingworldformorethan40years.Inthattime,microprocessormanufacturershavecrammedmoreandmoreelectronicdevicesontomicroprocessors.InaccordancewithMoore’sLaw,thenumberofelectronicdevicesputonamicroprocessorhasdoubledevery18months.Moore’sLawisnamedafterIntelfounderGordonMoore,whopredictedin1965thatmicroprocessorswoulddoubleincomplexityeverytwoyears.ManyhavepredictedthatMoore’sLawwillsoonreachitsendbecauseofthephysicallimitationsofsiliconmicroprocessors.Thecurrentprocessusedtopackmoreandmoretransistorsontoachipiscalleddeep-ultravioletlithography(DUVL),whichisaphotography-liketechniquethatfocuseslightthroughlensestocarvecircuitpatternsonsiliconwafers.DUVLwillbegintoreachitslimitaround2005,Atthattime,chipmakerswillhavetolooktoothertechnologiestocrammoretransistorsontosilicontocreatemorepowerfulchips.Manyarealreadylookingatextreme-ultravioletlithography(EUVL)asawaytoextendthelifeofsiliconatleastuntiltheendofthedecade.EUVLusesmirrorsinsteadoflensestofocusthelight,whichallowslightwithshorterwavelengthstoaccuratelyfocusonthesiliconwafer.BeyondEUVL,researchershavebeenlookingatalternativestothetraditionalmicroprocessordesign.TwoofthemoreinterestingemergingtechnologiesareDNAcomputersandquantumcomputers.DNAcomputershavethepotentialtotakecomputingtonewlevels,pickingupwhereMoore’sLawleavesoff.ThereareseveraladvantagestousingDNAinsteadofsilicon:Aslongastherearecellularorganisms,therewillbeasupplyofDNAmakesitacheapresource.Unliketraditionalmicroprocessors,whicharemadeusingtoxicmaterials,DNAbiochipscanbemadecleanly.DNAcomputersaremanytimessmallerthantoday’scomputers.DNA’skeyadvantageisthatitwillmakecomputerssmaller,whileatthesametimeincreasingstoragecapacity,thancomputerthathascomebefore.OnepoundofDNAhasthecapacitytostoremoreinformationthanalltheelectroniccomputerseverbuilt.Thecomputingpowerifateardrop-sizedDNAcomputer,usingtheDNAlogicgates,willbemorepowerfulthantheworld’smostpowerfulsupercomputer.Mo
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