经济学原理II（2009年春季学期）作业2第一部分：教材习题第26章，问题与应用，4,5，6，8，9，11第27章，问题与应用，1，2，7，8第28章，问题与应用，1，5，6,8，9AnswersforChapter264.Companiesencouragetheiremployeestoholdstockinthecompanybecauseitgivestheemployeestheincentivetocareaboutthefirm’sprofits,notjusttheirownsalary.Then,ifemployeesseewasteorseeareasinwhichthefirmcanimprove,they’lltakeactionsthatbenefitthecompanybecausetheyknowthevalueoftheirstockwillriseasaresult.Anditalsogivesemployeesanadditionalincentivetoworkhard,knowingthatifthefirmdoeswell,theywillprofit.Butfromanemployee’spointofview,owningstockinthecompanyforwhichsheorheworkscanberisky.Theemployee’swagesorsalaryarealreadytiedtohowwellthefirmperforms.Ifthefirmhastrouble,theemployeecouldbelaidofforhaveherorhissalaryreduced.Iftheemployeeownsstockinthefirm,thenthere’sadoublewhammytheemployeeisunemployedorgetsalowersalaryandthevalueofthestockfallsaswell.Soowningstockinyourowncompanyisaveryriskyproposition.Mostemployeeswouldbebetteroffdiversifyingowningstockorbondsinothercompaniessotheirfortuneswouldn’tdependsomuchonthefirmforwhichtheywork.5.Toamacroeconomist,savingoccurswhenaperson’sincomeexceedsherconsumption,whileinvestmentoccurswhenapersonorfirmpurchasesnewcapital,suchasahouseorbusinessequipment.a.Whenyourfamilytakesoutamortgageandbuysanewhouse,that’sinvestment,becauseit’sapurchaseofnewcapital.b.Whenyouuseyour$200paychecktobuystockinAT&T,that’ssaving,becauseyourincomeof$200isn’tbeingspentonconsumptiongoods.c.Whenyourroommateearns$100anddepositsitinheraccountatabank,that’ssaving,becausethemoneyisn’tspentonconsumptiongoods.d.Whenyouborrow$1,000fromabanktobuyacartouseinyourpizza-deliverybusiness,that’sinvestment,becausethecarisacapitalgood.6.We’regiventhenumbersY=8,T=1.5,Sprivate=0.5=Y-T-C,Spublic=0.2=T-G.SinceSprivate=Y-T-C,thenrearranginggivesC=Y-T-Sprivate=8-1.5-0.5=6.SinceSpublic=T-G,thenrearranginggivesG=T-Spublic=1.5-0.2=1.3.SinceS=nationalsaving=Sprivate+Spublic=0.5+0.2=0.7.Finally,sinceI=investment=S,I=0.7.8.a.Figure25-2illustra